NUR1460 Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
10 major oncological emergencies Correct Answers
hypercalcemia, tumor lysis syndrome, febrile neutropenia,
cardiac tamponade, cord compression, syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, biologics
hypersensitivities and infusion reactions, hyper-leukocytosis and
hyper-viscosity, superior vena cava syndrome, chemotherapy
hypersensitivity and infusion reactions to better improve the care
of patients with cancer
3 types of crisis Correct Answers maturational- normally
occurring events in life caused by the persons continual growth
and development. EX-breaking up with significant other due to
job relocation
situational-unexpected events that disrupt the biopsychosocial
balance. EX-job loss, death
adventitious-major cataclysmic disasters that cause a massive
upheaval of social and personal order. EX-earthquake,
hurricane, floor, war, house fire
4 phases of crisis intervention Correct Answers assessment,
analysis/planning, implementation, evaluation
4 stages of anxiety Correct Answers Mild: vital signs are
normal, not very much muscle tension, aware of different
stimuli in the environment, thoughts are random but controlled,
you feel comfortable, safe, relaxed and calm, doing habits
normally.
Moderate: vitals are normal but slightly elevated. Have muscle
tension; might be uncomfortable. You are alert and attentive, at
,perfect state of mind for solving problems, feel ready, energized
and ready to learn, voice and body language are interested and
concerned.
Severe: flight or fight, beginning alarm stage, vitals become
increased, appetite decreased, problem solving is very difficult,
have selective attention- tend to focus on detail, trying to block
out threatening stimuli, might have aches and pains, feel
irritable, and have an increased need for "own space"
Panic: physical symptoms escalate to dangerous stage, might be
pale, hearing may be messed up, might not feel any pain, people
say it feels like having a heart attack, feel helpless and have lost
total control, feel angry, lost and completely disorganized. Some
people get panic attacks through heredity of through
psychology, perceptions are poor. Some people learn panic ways
through life experiences (ex. Loss, change, etc.) or worry about
being accepted
ABCD rule of melanoma Correct Answers A-asymmetry
B-border
C-color
D-diameter
agoraphobia Correct Answers excessive or fear about being in
a place or situation from which help might not be available and
escape might be difficult
Albumin Correct Answers 3.5-5.5
albuterol tip Correct Answers If 2 "puffs" of Albuterol were
ordered how long would you wait in between each puff?
Answer: 1 minute. Therefore, if you are giving the same drug,
,but more than one dose, you would wait just 1 minute in
between doses.
if giving two different meds (first bronchodilator then
corticosteroid) you wait 5 minutes between puffs and always
gargle and rinse after corticosteroid as the residue can cause
thrush
alopecia Correct Answers hair loss associated with cancer
treatment, avoid direct sunlight, sometimes a cold cap is used to
prevent hair loss-cap is very painful to patients
anthropometric measurements Correct Answers Height,
weight, BMI, and waist to hip ratio
antiemetic Correct Answers Ondansetron (Zofran)
Metoclopramide (Reglan) - motility stimulator
Promethazine (Phenergan) - antihistamine, motion sickness, n/v
Dolasetron mesylate (Anzemet)
Dronabinol (Marinol) - THC, cannabinoid for n/v and appetite
antihyperlipidemic Correct Answers exetimibe (zetia),
atrovastatin (lipitor)**REMEMBER NO GRADEFRUIT**,
niacin (niasapin)
antihypertensive Correct Answers hydrochlorathiazide
(HCTZ-also diuretic), valsartan (diovan), metoprolol tartrate
(lopressor), lisinopril (prinivil), amlodipine (norvasc)
assessment, treatment, interventions for clients with impaired
oxygenation Correct Answers auscultate lung sounds, monitor
vital signs and o2, administer oxygen if needed, give breathing
, treatments, use of incentive spirometer, sit patient HOB up, get
patient up to chair/ambulating, monitor ABG
assessment, treatment, interventions for clients with impaired
perfusion Correct Answers recognize indicators or adequate
and inadequate perfusion, assess HR and BP, educate on heart
healthy diet/lifestyle, smoking cessation, monitor serum lipids,
be compliant with medications, monitor DM
asthma Correct Answers chronic lung disease (no cure) causes
narrowing and inflammation of airways (bronchi and
bronchioles) leading to difficulty breathing, especially exhaling
asthma causes Correct Answers bronchi/bronchioles become
so chronically inflamed it leads to an asthma attack. during
attack smooth muscles surrounding bronchi and bronchioles
constrict causing tightness and difficulty breathing. mucosa
becomes inflamed (narrows airway decreasing air flow) --> air
becomes trapped in alveoli, goblet cells produce more mucous --
> leads to further decrease in air flow --> air gets trapped in
alveoli --> gas exchange isn't taking place --> low amounts of
oxygen are entering body (low O2 sats) --> CO2 is staying in
blood (watch for RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS)
asthma effects on labs and s/s Correct Answers high CO2 -->
respiratory acidosis, watch for chest tightness, wheezing,
coughing, difficulty breathing, high RR, cyanosis of skin/lips
asthma interventions Correct Answers sit HOB up,
bronchodilators (albuterol, salmeterol, symbicort), administer
oxygen, auscultate lung sounds frequently (wheezing, RR),
10 major oncological emergencies Correct Answers
hypercalcemia, tumor lysis syndrome, febrile neutropenia,
cardiac tamponade, cord compression, syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, biologics
hypersensitivities and infusion reactions, hyper-leukocytosis and
hyper-viscosity, superior vena cava syndrome, chemotherapy
hypersensitivity and infusion reactions to better improve the care
of patients with cancer
3 types of crisis Correct Answers maturational- normally
occurring events in life caused by the persons continual growth
and development. EX-breaking up with significant other due to
job relocation
situational-unexpected events that disrupt the biopsychosocial
balance. EX-job loss, death
adventitious-major cataclysmic disasters that cause a massive
upheaval of social and personal order. EX-earthquake,
hurricane, floor, war, house fire
4 phases of crisis intervention Correct Answers assessment,
analysis/planning, implementation, evaluation
4 stages of anxiety Correct Answers Mild: vital signs are
normal, not very much muscle tension, aware of different
stimuli in the environment, thoughts are random but controlled,
you feel comfortable, safe, relaxed and calm, doing habits
normally.
Moderate: vitals are normal but slightly elevated. Have muscle
tension; might be uncomfortable. You are alert and attentive, at
,perfect state of mind for solving problems, feel ready, energized
and ready to learn, voice and body language are interested and
concerned.
Severe: flight or fight, beginning alarm stage, vitals become
increased, appetite decreased, problem solving is very difficult,
have selective attention- tend to focus on detail, trying to block
out threatening stimuli, might have aches and pains, feel
irritable, and have an increased need for "own space"
Panic: physical symptoms escalate to dangerous stage, might be
pale, hearing may be messed up, might not feel any pain, people
say it feels like having a heart attack, feel helpless and have lost
total control, feel angry, lost and completely disorganized. Some
people get panic attacks through heredity of through
psychology, perceptions are poor. Some people learn panic ways
through life experiences (ex. Loss, change, etc.) or worry about
being accepted
ABCD rule of melanoma Correct Answers A-asymmetry
B-border
C-color
D-diameter
agoraphobia Correct Answers excessive or fear about being in
a place or situation from which help might not be available and
escape might be difficult
Albumin Correct Answers 3.5-5.5
albuterol tip Correct Answers If 2 "puffs" of Albuterol were
ordered how long would you wait in between each puff?
Answer: 1 minute. Therefore, if you are giving the same drug,
,but more than one dose, you would wait just 1 minute in
between doses.
if giving two different meds (first bronchodilator then
corticosteroid) you wait 5 minutes between puffs and always
gargle and rinse after corticosteroid as the residue can cause
thrush
alopecia Correct Answers hair loss associated with cancer
treatment, avoid direct sunlight, sometimes a cold cap is used to
prevent hair loss-cap is very painful to patients
anthropometric measurements Correct Answers Height,
weight, BMI, and waist to hip ratio
antiemetic Correct Answers Ondansetron (Zofran)
Metoclopramide (Reglan) - motility stimulator
Promethazine (Phenergan) - antihistamine, motion sickness, n/v
Dolasetron mesylate (Anzemet)
Dronabinol (Marinol) - THC, cannabinoid for n/v and appetite
antihyperlipidemic Correct Answers exetimibe (zetia),
atrovastatin (lipitor)**REMEMBER NO GRADEFRUIT**,
niacin (niasapin)
antihypertensive Correct Answers hydrochlorathiazide
(HCTZ-also diuretic), valsartan (diovan), metoprolol tartrate
(lopressor), lisinopril (prinivil), amlodipine (norvasc)
assessment, treatment, interventions for clients with impaired
oxygenation Correct Answers auscultate lung sounds, monitor
vital signs and o2, administer oxygen if needed, give breathing
, treatments, use of incentive spirometer, sit patient HOB up, get
patient up to chair/ambulating, monitor ABG
assessment, treatment, interventions for clients with impaired
perfusion Correct Answers recognize indicators or adequate
and inadequate perfusion, assess HR and BP, educate on heart
healthy diet/lifestyle, smoking cessation, monitor serum lipids,
be compliant with medications, monitor DM
asthma Correct Answers chronic lung disease (no cure) causes
narrowing and inflammation of airways (bronchi and
bronchioles) leading to difficulty breathing, especially exhaling
asthma causes Correct Answers bronchi/bronchioles become
so chronically inflamed it leads to an asthma attack. during
attack smooth muscles surrounding bronchi and bronchioles
constrict causing tightness and difficulty breathing. mucosa
becomes inflamed (narrows airway decreasing air flow) --> air
becomes trapped in alveoli, goblet cells produce more mucous --
> leads to further decrease in air flow --> air gets trapped in
alveoli --> gas exchange isn't taking place --> low amounts of
oxygen are entering body (low O2 sats) --> CO2 is staying in
blood (watch for RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS)
asthma effects on labs and s/s Correct Answers high CO2 -->
respiratory acidosis, watch for chest tightness, wheezing,
coughing, difficulty breathing, high RR, cyanosis of skin/lips
asthma interventions Correct Answers sit HOB up,
bronchodilators (albuterol, salmeterol, symbicort), administer
oxygen, auscultate lung sounds frequently (wheezing, RR),
