FINAL EXAM GENDER AND WOMEN STUDIES SOLVED
#10
Kitossa & Deliovsky: Color Blind Ideology - correct answer The idea that we have
progressed incredibly as a society that we do not color anymore and only see
individuals
The Economy - correct answer A social institution that organizes the production,
distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Philosophical Idea of Economy - correct answer - The economy doesn't control us but
we control the economy
Goods - correct answer Items purchased to satisfy needs and wants
Commodities ranging from necessities to luxury items
Necessities: (such as food, clothing, and shelter)
Luxury items: (Automobiles, swimming pools, and yachts)
Basic Needs - correct answer Basic needs are constantly changing
- We meet are basic needs
- But also accumulate more
Services - correct answer Refer to valued activities that benefit others.
Ex. (domestic care-givers, bankers, hairdressers, police officers, nurses, doctors, cable
television providers)
Value - correct answer A customer's subjective assessment of benefits relative to costs
in determining the worth of a product
- Is something that humans decide.
Work - correct answer - is an enormously complex activity and idea
- anthropologists are very interested in this subject
- examined through a gender lens
- Most people:
Think of work as something that is receiving some kind of monetary payment
- work has value and social value
Work (Labor Force) Statistics in 2012 - correct answer - 2012, 48.5% of all women were
in the labor force
- 2012, 75% of men in the labor force
Walmart - correct answer Has more male managers, that work higher-paid jobs
More females work lower-paid jobs
,Walmart Facts - correct answer - The largest private employer in the world
- The largest corporation in history
- 67% of hourly employees are women
- 65% of supervisors are men
- 90% of top managers are men
- Women on average earn $5,000 less per year than men
- Even though women have higher performance ratings and seniority
Work as a Social Problem - correct answer - Work is a central human activity
- What people do as "work" often penetrates to the very core of their personalities
- If large numbers of people are affected by a social condition
- We can speak of it as a social problem
Women Working in Northern Africa - correct answer - 35 women for every 100 men are
in the paid labor force
Women Working in the Middle East - correct answer - 39 women/ 100men are in the
paid labor force
Working Women in Canada - correct answer - Over half (61.5%) of women participated
in the labor force in 2017
- Women's labor force participation rates have remained above 50% since 1980
Women Women in Europe - correct answer - In the European Union
- Almost half (47.7%) of women were employed in 2017
Working Women in India - correct answer - Women's labor force participation rate had
fallen from (35%) in 1990 to (27.7%) in 2017
Working Women in Japan - correct answer - Women's labor force participation rate was
(51.1) in 2017
- A small increase from (48.4%) in 2005
Working Women in United States - correct answer - (57%) of women were in the labor
force in 2017
- (69.1%) of men were in the labor force in 2017
- The rate of women's participation peaked in 1999 at (60.0%)
The Share of Women in the Labor Force in 2017 - correct answer - Canada: 47.4%
- India 24.5%
- Japan 43.7%
- United States 46.9%
- EU (Europe) 46.0%
,Walton Institute - correct answer - Trains managers
- Men are more aggressive with actions hence getting more levels or responsibility
Viewed Videos of Job Interviews - correct answer - Told participants that there was an
important account that needed to get signed
- A job seeker who expressed aggression got the account
- A job seeker who expressed sadness lost account
Overall Point:
- 1. The men job seekers in the video who got angry were assigned the highest salary
-2. Women who got sad
-3. Men who got sad
-4. Women who expressed anger got the lowest salary assigned
Highest Paid Job Characteristics - correct answer In terms of jobs involving value,
economy, and labor
- Based on who is doing the work depends on how someone acts
- Social problem
- Associate work with personality
Analysis of:
Q: What do you do for a living? - correct answer - Associate work with personality
- Social problem
- Recognizing that we spend most of our time working
- Another way of asking Q: How do you spend you time?
Pay Inequity - correct answer - Perceived unfairness of how pay is distributed
- A large number of people affected by a social condition
- Pay inequality is a social problem
Pay Inequality - correct answer - Women being paid less for work of the same value
- Pay equity now policy in most of Canada
- The jobs are evaluated, not the individuals in the jobs
- Gender wage gap continues as legacy of the past
- Unionization has helped reduce the earning gap
Questions to ask about in Women's Labour Force in Canada - correct answer Q:
Desegregate data from rural and urban
Q: What are the reasons that people are unemployed
Canadian Work Force Characteristics Now - correct answer - More people are entering
secondary education
, - Are entering the Work Force at a later age
- Women now have their own businesses
- Data is missing informal jobs that are not counted in employment
- Missing a sector of a population that is important
Emotional Labor - correct answer - a situation in which an employee expresses
organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work
- the need to manage emotions to complete job duties successfully
- is a different kind of work
- coworker to co-worker interactions
- customer to co-worker interactions
- face-face and voice-voice contact
- Ex. Flight attendant is an emotional labor job
Labor as Value - correct answer - The notion of buying and selling labor for fair
exchange
- Questions of value; whose work is worth what?
- Assumptions underlying the labor market?
- What can a gender analysis tell us?
- We control this value it doesn't change in the natural world
Humans Devalue Certain Kinds of Work: Fisherman Experiment - correct answer - A
study placed cod fisherman to work in call centers on their off time
- They became fully trained and were employed
- But they didn't feel good about themselves
- Work made them feel devalued
- Left, and went back to being fisherman
- Not all values and jobs are equal or consider equal to everyone
Social Reproduction - correct answer - To explain the role of women in wider social and
class structures, and their (often unrecognized) contribution to the capitalist economy
via their (traditional) role within the household as both child-bearers, and caring for the
family
Transmission of social inequality from one generation to the next
- Social reproduction in this sense can be used to explain the free labor that is
necessary to produce and maintain current and future workers
The concept of social reproduction: - Refers to the processes involved in maintaining
and reproducing people, (esp. Laboring population) and their labor power on a daily and
generational basis
- Builds on and deepens debates about domestic labor and women's economic roles in
capitalist societies
Benefits of Social Reproduction Approach - correct answer - Overcoming the
public/private divide that was dominating theory
- Women made more visible
#10
Kitossa & Deliovsky: Color Blind Ideology - correct answer The idea that we have
progressed incredibly as a society that we do not color anymore and only see
individuals
The Economy - correct answer A social institution that organizes the production,
distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Philosophical Idea of Economy - correct answer - The economy doesn't control us but
we control the economy
Goods - correct answer Items purchased to satisfy needs and wants
Commodities ranging from necessities to luxury items
Necessities: (such as food, clothing, and shelter)
Luxury items: (Automobiles, swimming pools, and yachts)
Basic Needs - correct answer Basic needs are constantly changing
- We meet are basic needs
- But also accumulate more
Services - correct answer Refer to valued activities that benefit others.
Ex. (domestic care-givers, bankers, hairdressers, police officers, nurses, doctors, cable
television providers)
Value - correct answer A customer's subjective assessment of benefits relative to costs
in determining the worth of a product
- Is something that humans decide.
Work - correct answer - is an enormously complex activity and idea
- anthropologists are very interested in this subject
- examined through a gender lens
- Most people:
Think of work as something that is receiving some kind of monetary payment
- work has value and social value
Work (Labor Force) Statistics in 2012 - correct answer - 2012, 48.5% of all women were
in the labor force
- 2012, 75% of men in the labor force
Walmart - correct answer Has more male managers, that work higher-paid jobs
More females work lower-paid jobs
,Walmart Facts - correct answer - The largest private employer in the world
- The largest corporation in history
- 67% of hourly employees are women
- 65% of supervisors are men
- 90% of top managers are men
- Women on average earn $5,000 less per year than men
- Even though women have higher performance ratings and seniority
Work as a Social Problem - correct answer - Work is a central human activity
- What people do as "work" often penetrates to the very core of their personalities
- If large numbers of people are affected by a social condition
- We can speak of it as a social problem
Women Working in Northern Africa - correct answer - 35 women for every 100 men are
in the paid labor force
Women Working in the Middle East - correct answer - 39 women/ 100men are in the
paid labor force
Working Women in Canada - correct answer - Over half (61.5%) of women participated
in the labor force in 2017
- Women's labor force participation rates have remained above 50% since 1980
Women Women in Europe - correct answer - In the European Union
- Almost half (47.7%) of women were employed in 2017
Working Women in India - correct answer - Women's labor force participation rate had
fallen from (35%) in 1990 to (27.7%) in 2017
Working Women in Japan - correct answer - Women's labor force participation rate was
(51.1) in 2017
- A small increase from (48.4%) in 2005
Working Women in United States - correct answer - (57%) of women were in the labor
force in 2017
- (69.1%) of men were in the labor force in 2017
- The rate of women's participation peaked in 1999 at (60.0%)
The Share of Women in the Labor Force in 2017 - correct answer - Canada: 47.4%
- India 24.5%
- Japan 43.7%
- United States 46.9%
- EU (Europe) 46.0%
,Walton Institute - correct answer - Trains managers
- Men are more aggressive with actions hence getting more levels or responsibility
Viewed Videos of Job Interviews - correct answer - Told participants that there was an
important account that needed to get signed
- A job seeker who expressed aggression got the account
- A job seeker who expressed sadness lost account
Overall Point:
- 1. The men job seekers in the video who got angry were assigned the highest salary
-2. Women who got sad
-3. Men who got sad
-4. Women who expressed anger got the lowest salary assigned
Highest Paid Job Characteristics - correct answer In terms of jobs involving value,
economy, and labor
- Based on who is doing the work depends on how someone acts
- Social problem
- Associate work with personality
Analysis of:
Q: What do you do for a living? - correct answer - Associate work with personality
- Social problem
- Recognizing that we spend most of our time working
- Another way of asking Q: How do you spend you time?
Pay Inequity - correct answer - Perceived unfairness of how pay is distributed
- A large number of people affected by a social condition
- Pay inequality is a social problem
Pay Inequality - correct answer - Women being paid less for work of the same value
- Pay equity now policy in most of Canada
- The jobs are evaluated, not the individuals in the jobs
- Gender wage gap continues as legacy of the past
- Unionization has helped reduce the earning gap
Questions to ask about in Women's Labour Force in Canada - correct answer Q:
Desegregate data from rural and urban
Q: What are the reasons that people are unemployed
Canadian Work Force Characteristics Now - correct answer - More people are entering
secondary education
, - Are entering the Work Force at a later age
- Women now have their own businesses
- Data is missing informal jobs that are not counted in employment
- Missing a sector of a population that is important
Emotional Labor - correct answer - a situation in which an employee expresses
organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work
- the need to manage emotions to complete job duties successfully
- is a different kind of work
- coworker to co-worker interactions
- customer to co-worker interactions
- face-face and voice-voice contact
- Ex. Flight attendant is an emotional labor job
Labor as Value - correct answer - The notion of buying and selling labor for fair
exchange
- Questions of value; whose work is worth what?
- Assumptions underlying the labor market?
- What can a gender analysis tell us?
- We control this value it doesn't change in the natural world
Humans Devalue Certain Kinds of Work: Fisherman Experiment - correct answer - A
study placed cod fisherman to work in call centers on their off time
- They became fully trained and were employed
- But they didn't feel good about themselves
- Work made them feel devalued
- Left, and went back to being fisherman
- Not all values and jobs are equal or consider equal to everyone
Social Reproduction - correct answer - To explain the role of women in wider social and
class structures, and their (often unrecognized) contribution to the capitalist economy
via their (traditional) role within the household as both child-bearers, and caring for the
family
Transmission of social inequality from one generation to the next
- Social reproduction in this sense can be used to explain the free labor that is
necessary to produce and maintain current and future workers
The concept of social reproduction: - Refers to the processes involved in maintaining
and reproducing people, (esp. Laboring population) and their labor power on a daily and
generational basis
- Builds on and deepens debates about domestic labor and women's economic roles in
capitalist societies
Benefits of Social Reproduction Approach - correct answer - Overcoming the
public/private divide that was dominating theory
- Women made more visible
