GENDER - ATYPICAL GENDER DEVELOPMENT (AO1 &
AO3) TEST FULLY SOLVED #15
What is gender dysphoria? - correct answer Characterised by strong, persistent feelings
of identification with the opposite gender and discomfort with one's own assigned sex.
People with this desire to live as members of the opposite sex and often dress and use
mannerisms associated with the opposite gender.
How is gender dysphoria diagnosed? - correct answer To be diagnosed with gender,
dysphoria, the individual's expressed/experienced gender, and the gender others would
assign him or her
This must continue for at least 6 months
What are the two explanations for gender dysphoria? - correct answer Biological and
social
What are the subsections of the biological explanations? - correct answer Brain sex
theory and genetic factors
What are the subsections of the social explanations? - correct answer Social
constructionism and psychoanalytic theory
What is the support for brain sex theory? - correct answer Zhou et al (1995)
Studied the bstc (bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) =
Assumed = fully developed at age 5 and it's ~40% larger in males than females
Post-mortem studies = 6 transgender ppl (m—>f) found the bstc = similar size to female
brain
Suggest gender dysphoria may have a genetic basis
What is the support for genetic factors? - correct answer Heylens et al. (2012)
Compared 23 MZ twins w/ 21 DZ twins )each diagnosed with gender dysphoria)
MZ = concordant for gender dysphoria
—> 9/23 or 39%
DZ = concordant for gender dysphoria
—> 0/23 or 0%
Indicates a role for genetic factors in the development of gender dysphoria
What is the support for the SLT social explanation? - correct answer +Rekers
AO3) TEST FULLY SOLVED #15
What is gender dysphoria? - correct answer Characterised by strong, persistent feelings
of identification with the opposite gender and discomfort with one's own assigned sex.
People with this desire to live as members of the opposite sex and often dress and use
mannerisms associated with the opposite gender.
How is gender dysphoria diagnosed? - correct answer To be diagnosed with gender,
dysphoria, the individual's expressed/experienced gender, and the gender others would
assign him or her
This must continue for at least 6 months
What are the two explanations for gender dysphoria? - correct answer Biological and
social
What are the subsections of the biological explanations? - correct answer Brain sex
theory and genetic factors
What are the subsections of the social explanations? - correct answer Social
constructionism and psychoanalytic theory
What is the support for brain sex theory? - correct answer Zhou et al (1995)
Studied the bstc (bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) =
Assumed = fully developed at age 5 and it's ~40% larger in males than females
Post-mortem studies = 6 transgender ppl (m—>f) found the bstc = similar size to female
brain
Suggest gender dysphoria may have a genetic basis
What is the support for genetic factors? - correct answer Heylens et al. (2012)
Compared 23 MZ twins w/ 21 DZ twins )each diagnosed with gender dysphoria)
MZ = concordant for gender dysphoria
—> 9/23 or 39%
DZ = concordant for gender dysphoria
—> 0/23 or 0%
Indicates a role for genetic factors in the development of gender dysphoria
What is the support for the SLT social explanation? - correct answer +Rekers
