Pivot Point 111 Perm Theory
What length of hair was Charles Nessler's heat permanent waving machine suitable for? - (correct
Answer) - Long
In 1926, the croquignole method of wrapping hair from ends to the scalp was created. What is another
name for this wrapping method? - (correct Answer) - Overlap method
In what year was the first cold wave created? - (correct Answer) - 1938
What was the active ingredient used in the first cold wave? - (correct Answer) - Thioglycolate acid or a
derivative
Which phase of perming is the most important? Physical or chemical? - (correct Answer) - Both are
equally important
Perms are used to add __________, __________, and __________ to flat limp hair. - (correct Answer) -
Volume, texture, style support
What is perming? - (correct Answer) - Chemical texture service that involves the process of using physical
and chemical actions to permanently change the texture of hair giving your clients the straight to wavy
or curly looks they desire
Perms can be used to add __________ throughout the hair. - (correct Answer) - Textural interest
Who in 1931 introduced the heatless technique? - (correct Answer) - Evans and McDonough
What are the two major perm phases? - (correct Answer) - Physical and chemical
The two chemical solutions used during perm services are __________ and __________. - (correct
Answer) - Perm solution and neutralizer
What is another word for perm solution? - (correct Answer) - Reducing agent
What is another word for neutralizer? - (correct Answer) - Oxidizing agent
Perm solution is also known as __________. - (correct Answer) - Waving or reforming lotion
Perm solution is applied to break disulfide bonds and soften the __________ structure. - (correct
Answer) - Protein
After the perm solution is thoroughly rinsed, the neutralizer is applied to __________ and __________
the hair into its new wavy or curly shape. - (correct Answer) - Reharden, fix
The type of hair texture desired determines the __________ and __________ of perm rods. - (correct
Answer) - Size, character
Which perm technique produces curls and undulating waves, achieves base lift and strong end curl, and
, is best suited for short to medium-length hair? - (correct Answer) - Overlap (croquignole) technique
Which perm technique creates elongated texture pattern, is consistent along with the length of the
strand, and is most often used on medium to long hair? - (correct Answer) - Spiral technique
As __________ __________ the illusion of shorter length is created, and the form line and weight area
shift upward. - (correct Answer) - Texture expands
Added texture to the fringe can add _________ and __________. - (correct Answer) - Volume, height
Adding texture to the interior __________ the form and creates __________. - (correct Answer) -
Elongates, height
Zonal or partial perm positions are designed to what? - (correct Answer) - Emphasize specific areas of a
hair sculpture, adds subtle support to specific areas, and creates a bold statement
Adding texture only at the base is called __________. - (correct Answer) - Base perming
Why is base perming done? - (correct Answer) - To create lift and volume for added fullness and support,
and to add texture to new hair growth to match previously permed texture
Adding texture away from the base creates __________ textures that can result in progressive designs or
a natural-looking finish. - (correct Answer) - Contrasting
Perm patterns are also known as ___________. - (correct Answer) - Wrapping patterns
Perm patterns help __________ and _________ how perm service is performed. - (correct Answer) -
Organize, control
Perm patterns affect the final look of new _________. - (correct Answer) - Curl pattern
What Perm Pattern is also known as 9-block? - (correct Answer) - Rectangle pattern
Rectangle pattern consist primarily of rectangular __________ subdivided into rectangular __________. -
(correct Answer) - Sections, bases
In the rectangle pattern the center rectangle usually is positioned __________ __________ to
__________. - (correct Answer) - Front hairline, nape
Which perm pattern is versatile and adapts to the contours or curves of the head? - (correct Answer) -
Contour pattern
Which perm pattern includes a central rectangle and two sections at each side? - (correct Answer) -
Contour pattern
Contour patterns include a central ___________ And two sections at each side. - (correct Answer) -
Rectangle
In the Contour pattern indirect partings from multiple points of origin are used in sections adjacent to
center rectangle; ________________ partings gradually become ______________ Toward back/exterior.
- (correct Answer) - Diagonal-forward, horizontal
What length of hair was Charles Nessler's heat permanent waving machine suitable for? - (correct
Answer) - Long
In 1926, the croquignole method of wrapping hair from ends to the scalp was created. What is another
name for this wrapping method? - (correct Answer) - Overlap method
In what year was the first cold wave created? - (correct Answer) - 1938
What was the active ingredient used in the first cold wave? - (correct Answer) - Thioglycolate acid or a
derivative
Which phase of perming is the most important? Physical or chemical? - (correct Answer) - Both are
equally important
Perms are used to add __________, __________, and __________ to flat limp hair. - (correct Answer) -
Volume, texture, style support
What is perming? - (correct Answer) - Chemical texture service that involves the process of using physical
and chemical actions to permanently change the texture of hair giving your clients the straight to wavy
or curly looks they desire
Perms can be used to add __________ throughout the hair. - (correct Answer) - Textural interest
Who in 1931 introduced the heatless technique? - (correct Answer) - Evans and McDonough
What are the two major perm phases? - (correct Answer) - Physical and chemical
The two chemical solutions used during perm services are __________ and __________. - (correct
Answer) - Perm solution and neutralizer
What is another word for perm solution? - (correct Answer) - Reducing agent
What is another word for neutralizer? - (correct Answer) - Oxidizing agent
Perm solution is also known as __________. - (correct Answer) - Waving or reforming lotion
Perm solution is applied to break disulfide bonds and soften the __________ structure. - (correct
Answer) - Protein
After the perm solution is thoroughly rinsed, the neutralizer is applied to __________ and __________
the hair into its new wavy or curly shape. - (correct Answer) - Reharden, fix
The type of hair texture desired determines the __________ and __________ of perm rods. - (correct
Answer) - Size, character
Which perm technique produces curls and undulating waves, achieves base lift and strong end curl, and
, is best suited for short to medium-length hair? - (correct Answer) - Overlap (croquignole) technique
Which perm technique creates elongated texture pattern, is consistent along with the length of the
strand, and is most often used on medium to long hair? - (correct Answer) - Spiral technique
As __________ __________ the illusion of shorter length is created, and the form line and weight area
shift upward. - (correct Answer) - Texture expands
Added texture to the fringe can add _________ and __________. - (correct Answer) - Volume, height
Adding texture to the interior __________ the form and creates __________. - (correct Answer) -
Elongates, height
Zonal or partial perm positions are designed to what? - (correct Answer) - Emphasize specific areas of a
hair sculpture, adds subtle support to specific areas, and creates a bold statement
Adding texture only at the base is called __________. - (correct Answer) - Base perming
Why is base perming done? - (correct Answer) - To create lift and volume for added fullness and support,
and to add texture to new hair growth to match previously permed texture
Adding texture away from the base creates __________ textures that can result in progressive designs or
a natural-looking finish. - (correct Answer) - Contrasting
Perm patterns are also known as ___________. - (correct Answer) - Wrapping patterns
Perm patterns help __________ and _________ how perm service is performed. - (correct Answer) -
Organize, control
Perm patterns affect the final look of new _________. - (correct Answer) - Curl pattern
What Perm Pattern is also known as 9-block? - (correct Answer) - Rectangle pattern
Rectangle pattern consist primarily of rectangular __________ subdivided into rectangular __________. -
(correct Answer) - Sections, bases
In the rectangle pattern the center rectangle usually is positioned __________ __________ to
__________. - (correct Answer) - Front hairline, nape
Which perm pattern is versatile and adapts to the contours or curves of the head? - (correct Answer) -
Contour pattern
Which perm pattern includes a central rectangle and two sections at each side? - (correct Answer) -
Contour pattern
Contour patterns include a central ___________ And two sections at each side. - (correct Answer) -
Rectangle
In the Contour pattern indirect partings from multiple points of origin are used in sections adjacent to
center rectangle; ________________ partings gradually become ______________ Toward back/exterior.
- (correct Answer) - Diagonal-forward, horizontal
