EASY LEARN

Driving cycles are the standardized representation of a series of data points (speed versus time),
developed by various countries and organizations to observe, analyze and assess the performance of
vehicles for fuel consumption, EV autonomy and emissions.

There are two types of driving cycles:

 Transient driving cycles involve many changes, representing the constant speed changes typical
of on-road driving.

 Modal driving cycles involve protracted periods at constant speeds.

Here are some types of drive cycles for electric vehicles:

 Modified Indian Drive Cycle (MIDC)
 The New European Driving Cycle (NEDC)
 Federal Test Procedure (FTP-75)
 Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP)
 SORDS: A common driving cycle.



 Modified Indian Drive Cycle (MIDC): A drive cycle used to test Indian-made automobiles. is a
standardized driving cycle used to determine the range of electric vehicles (EVs). It includes test
cycles that run for 1200 seconds, covering a total distance of 10.7 km at a top speed of 54
km/h.

The Modified Indian Driving Cycle (MIDC) It's made up of:

 Part I: Four Urban Driving Cycles

 Part II: One Extra Urban Driving Cycle

The range measured using Part I of the MIDC is considered the certified value of the EV's
range. However, some research suggests that the MIDC is not suitable for Indian driving
conditions. Instead, they recommend that India adopt the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles
Test Procedure (WLTC) or an equivalent driving cycle.




The New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) was a test procedure used to evaluate the fuel economy and
emissions of passenger cars in Europe. It was developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for

, Europe (UNECE) and was last updated in 1997. The NEDC was replaced in 2018 by the Worldwide
Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP), which is more realistic.

Here are some characteristics of the NEDC:

 Test procedure
The NEDC consisted of four repeated urban driving cycles, one extra-urban driving cycle, and other steps
such as startup-shutdown, idling, partial power running, and full power running.

 Purpose
The NEDC was used to generate official values for fuel consumption and CO2 emissions for type approval
testing of passenger cars.

 Criticism
The NEDC was often criticized for being unachievable in real-world conditions.


FTP-75: A drive cycle that corresponds to urban driving conditions.
The FTP-75 (Federal Test Procedure) is a series of tests that measure the fuel economy and emissions of
light-duty vehicles in the United States. The FTP-75 cycle is used to certify emissions and is derived from
the FTP-72 cycle, with the addition of a third phase. The FTP-75 cycle consists of the following segments:

 Cold start transient phase: 0–505 seconds, with an ambient temperature of 20–30°C

 Stabilized phase: 506–1372 seconds

 Hot soak: Minimum 540 seconds, maximum 660 seconds

 Hot start transient phase: 0–505 seconds

The Energy Tax Act of 1978 mandated the FTP-75 testing to determine the rate of the guzzler tax on new
car sales. The current procedure was updated in 2008 and also includes tests for highway driving,
aggressive driving, and optional air conditioning.

The FTP-75 cycle is useful for estimating the distance an electric vehicle can travel on a single charge. In
Australia, the FTP-75 cycle is known as the ADR 37 (Australian Design Rules) cycle.


WLTP: A common driving cycle.

The Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) is a driving cycle that measures fuel
consumption and CO emissions for light vehicles. The WLTP cycle is more realistic than the New
European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and is based on real-world driving conditions. Here are some things to
know about the WLTP driving cycle: