8/14/25, 11:52 PM NUSCTX 10, Midterm 2 - UC Berkeley EXAM Questions & Answers | 100% Verified solutions |Questions with Correct Answers 20…
NUSCTX 10, Midterm 2 - UC Berkeley EXAM
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Terms in this set (225)
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
B complex plus vitamin C
Required in diet
Act as enzyme cofactors
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Deficiencies used to be common
People on poor diets often deficient in multiple
vitamins
Thiamin (B1)
Riboflavin (B2)
Niacin (B3)
Biotin
B Vitamins
Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin B6
Folate
Vitamin B12
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Adequate Intake
Tolerable Upper-Intake Level
Dietary Reference Intakes
Estimated Average Requirement
Recommended Dietary Allowance
Dissolve in water
No real stores
Readily excreted
Properties of Water Function: coenzymes and antioxidants
Soluble Vitamins Absorbed by portal system
Not required daily
High doses can be toxic
Subject to cooking and food storage losses
Fat soluble
Stored in tissues
Remain in adipose and liver
Properties of Fat Soluble Function: hormones, blood clotting, antioxidants
Vitamins Absorbed by lymphatic system with fats
(chylomicrons)
Not required daily
High doses can be toxic
Require bile acids for absorption
Require digestive enzymes for absorption
Digestion of fat soluble
vitamins
Absorbed in the similar manner of fats
Little vitamin K production by gut bacteria
Retinol Vitamin A
Retinal Visual Cycle
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Support development, growth, reproduction
Epithelia (skin, respiratory, and digestive systems)
Retinoids
Immune System
Nervous System
Liver breaks down some vitamin A into retinoic acid
Vitamin A in the Liver
and saves the rest for storage
Reproduction
Nervous System
Retinoic Acid
Epithelia (skin)
Immune Function
Recommended Dietary 0.3 mg to 1.3 mg: age, sex, pregnancy, lactation
Allowance of Vitamin A
100 fold > RDA in adults
Toxic Intake
20 fold > in children
Vitamin K Koagulation
i) Targeted Protein (e.g. prothrombin)
Mechanism of Vitamin K
ii) Vitamin K-dependent enzyme
Action
iii) Modified Protein Binds Ca++(e.g. thrombin)
Vitamin K-Dependent Activate specific target proteins by enabling them to
Enzymes bind to calcium.
Essential for activating proteins required for:
Blood clotting
Vitamin K Functions
Blood vessel repair
Bone density
Preventing soft-tissue calcification
Warfarin A vitamin K antagonist that retards blood coagulation
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NUSCTX 10, Midterm 2 - UC Berkeley EXAM
Questions & Answers | 100% Verified solutions
|Questions with Correct Answers 2025 latest
update!!
Save
Terms in this set (225)
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
B complex plus vitamin C
Required in diet
Act as enzyme cofactors
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Deficiencies used to be common
People on poor diets often deficient in multiple
vitamins
Thiamin (B1)
Riboflavin (B2)
Niacin (B3)
Biotin
B Vitamins
Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin B6
Folate
Vitamin B12
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,8/14/25, 11:52 PM NUSCTX 10, Midterm 2 - UC Berkeley EXAM Questions & Answers | 100% Verified solutions |Questions with Correct Answers 20…
Adequate Intake
Tolerable Upper-Intake Level
Dietary Reference Intakes
Estimated Average Requirement
Recommended Dietary Allowance
Dissolve in water
No real stores
Readily excreted
Properties of Water Function: coenzymes and antioxidants
Soluble Vitamins Absorbed by portal system
Not required daily
High doses can be toxic
Subject to cooking and food storage losses
Fat soluble
Stored in tissues
Remain in adipose and liver
Properties of Fat Soluble Function: hormones, blood clotting, antioxidants
Vitamins Absorbed by lymphatic system with fats
(chylomicrons)
Not required daily
High doses can be toxic
Require bile acids for absorption
Require digestive enzymes for absorption
Digestion of fat soluble
vitamins
Absorbed in the similar manner of fats
Little vitamin K production by gut bacteria
Retinol Vitamin A
Retinal Visual Cycle
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Support development, growth, reproduction
Epithelia (skin, respiratory, and digestive systems)
Retinoids
Immune System
Nervous System
Liver breaks down some vitamin A into retinoic acid
Vitamin A in the Liver
and saves the rest for storage
Reproduction
Nervous System
Retinoic Acid
Epithelia (skin)
Immune Function
Recommended Dietary 0.3 mg to 1.3 mg: age, sex, pregnancy, lactation
Allowance of Vitamin A
100 fold > RDA in adults
Toxic Intake
20 fold > in children
Vitamin K Koagulation
i) Targeted Protein (e.g. prothrombin)
Mechanism of Vitamin K
ii) Vitamin K-dependent enzyme
Action
iii) Modified Protein Binds Ca++(e.g. thrombin)
Vitamin K-Dependent Activate specific target proteins by enabling them to
Enzymes bind to calcium.
Essential for activating proteins required for:
Blood clotting
Vitamin K Functions
Blood vessel repair
Bone density
Preventing soft-tissue calcification
Warfarin A vitamin K antagonist that retards blood coagulation
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