PHI 240 Final Exam Possible Questions And Answers 100% Accurately Solved.

Virtue ethics - correct answers centers on the agent and attaches significance to a person's character and traits utilitarianism - correct answers supposes that behavior is or should be aimed at producing the good life, and focuses on the consequence of pleasure egoism - correct answer proposes morality is or ought to be based on the interests of the individual human self prescriptive statements - correct answers statements about what ought to be descriptive statements - correct answers statements about what is teleology - correct answers concentrates on the ends or goals of our actions divine command theory - correct answers says an action is right if God wills that action deontology - correct answers primarily concerned with duties and intentions for action, not consequences subjectivism - correct answers claims moral judgements are expressions of feelings relativism - correct answers denies that there are basic universal moral demands that apply to everyone absolutism - correct answers asserts that there are universally or objectively valid moral principles that apply to everyone, i.e., everyone has sufficient reason to follow a universal moral law noncognitivism - correct answers claims subjectivism is true, and thus moral judgments have no cognitive content (cannot be true or false) moral skepticism - correct answers doubts (or denies) there are natural explanations for morality; thus, concludes there is (probably) no morality reductivism - correct answers says that moral claims are supposed to track the reactions of a hypothetical impartial observer naturalism - correct answers an approach to ethics that is dominated by a concern with the place of values within the natural world. It thinks we must resolve ethical debates through scientific inquiry autonomous ethics - correct answers does not take the main question of ethics to be the naturalistic status of values and obligations. Thinks ethics can be analyzed independently of scientific inquiry Glaucon is a moral antirealist, since he denies we should follow conventional morality - correct answers false "All synthetic propositions are empirical hypotheses" is equivalent to saying that moral values, if they are to be true/false, must be verified in experience - correct answers true The sophists, as represented by Glaucon, thought that people are 'conventionally just' by nature - correct answers false ethics is the thoughtful analysis and evaluation of the standards and principles by which we issue judgments in terms of moral values - correct answers true Harman thinks people tend to be absolutists because they think Ethics is autonomous - correct answers true Hume thinks that if morality were based on the real relations of ideas (reasons), then animal and oak tree activity would be considered moral and/or immoral - correct answers true some statements are neither true nor false - correct answers false A.J. Ayer thinks that all synthetic propositions are empirical hypotheses (i.e. hypotheses about possible posteriori experience) - correct answers true Hume thinks we maintain objectivity in moral discussions by taking the perspective of a judicious spectator - correct answers true For A.J. Ayer, the sentence: "Stealing is wrong!" expresses a variable fact - correct answers false G.E. Moore thinks we can define 'good' - correct answers false Foot disagrees with the idea that motivating reasons can be based on knowledge of what makes for a good human being, not just on desires - correct answers false Hume believes that reason can oppose passion - correct answers false Who said "reason is the slave of the passions"? - correct answers David Hume According to Foot, non-cognitivism - correct answers claims subjectivism is true and moral judgments are not true or false What are premises (in the context of philosophy)? - correct answers- A statement or group of statements offered in support of a conclusion - reasons/evidence given in the course of an argument which of the following are statements? - correct answers No one is here. What is a conclusion (in the context of philosophy)? - correct answers The statement that a person giving an argument wants the audience to accept Your friend claims that there is only one, absolute, moral rule: seek power at all costs. Who would agree without qualification? - correct answers Thrasymachus A.J. Ayer and G.E. Moore both agree - correct answers if radical subjectivism is true, then there are no moral disagreements Which of the following are all premise indicators? - correct answers since, given that, because For Plato - correct answers a virtue is an excellence of function The Euthyphro Dilemma - correct answers- Implies that if we think the moral law is good (simply) because God wills it, then we have no reason to think the moral law is good in itself -- it gains its goodness because God wills it - Implies that if we think God gives us a moral law because it is good, then (presumably) we should be able to figure it out without reference to God by figuring out what is good In his argument for relativism, Harman claims - correct answers- some people who act immorally after proper reflection must not have a sufficient reason to act morally - Some people act immorally after proper reflection - There are at least some people who have no sufficient reason to follow alleged moral absolutes Hume thinks we esteem - correct answers Natural moral virtue because of sympathy Moore thinks the task of Ethicists is - correct answers- to analyze and distinguish moral concepts so that we're clear what we're talking about - to enquire into what is good - to define 'the good' - to study ethicists if a deductive argument has true premises and a false conclusion, then we know - correct answers the argument is invalid and unsound