PHI-240 Final Exam Complete Questions And Answers Verified Correct Answers.

Deontology - correct answers The category of normative theories that all agree that we have certain moral duties that must be followed even if they do not lead to the best outcome Perfect Duty - correct answers A duty in which one must absolutely not ignore Imperfect Duty - correct answers A duty which one must not ignore but admits of multiple means of fulfillment Act Utilitarianism - correct answers It is morally permissible for you to do something if and only if your actions produces the best net total of pleasure over pain (or the least pain possible if no possible action will produce more pleasure than pain) for as many people as you can Rule Utilitarianism - correct answers Act only on rules that bring out the best total of pleasure over pain Optimific - correct answers The best net total of pleasure over pain Hedonism - correct answers The ethical theory that pleasure (in the sense of the satisfaction of desires) is the highest good and proper aim of human life Prima facie duty - correct answer Something that I would be obligated to do under ordinary circumstances Actual duty - correct answers Our obligation considering all the relevant prima facie duties Ethical pluralism - correct answers The category of normative moral theories that agree that there are at least two fundamental moral rules and that, in some cases, it is morally permissible to break them Premise - correct answers The statement(s) in an argument that are doing the supporting Conclusion - correct answers The statement in an argument that is supported by others Hard determinism - correct answers The belief that because we are never the cause of any of our actions, we cannot be held morally responsible for them Compatibilism - correct answers The belief that we are free, and, therefore, should be held morally responsible for our actions that are uncompelled and uncoerced, even though every event is caused by prior events Psychological egoism - correct answers The claim that EVERY action EVER performed by ANY human being is motivated primarily by the actor's own self-interest Ethical egoism - correct answers The view that actions are right only insofar (to the extent that) as they are in accord with the actor's own self-interest and wrong insofar as they are not Expressivism - correct answers The belief that when we say something is right or wrong, we actually are reporting on our own feelings about what we are witnessing or thinking about Normative ethics - correct answers The branch of philosophical ethics that investigates the set of questions that arise when considering how one ought to act, morally speaking Value theory - correct answers A range of approaches to understanding how, why, and to what degree persons value things; whether the object or subject of valuing is a person, idea, object, or anything else Divine command theory - correct answers The belief that actions are right just because God says they are right, and are wrong just because God says they are wrong Virtue Ethics - correct answers The category of normative theories that all agree that the focus should be as the person doing the action rather than the action itself Moral sentimentalism - correct answers The belief that the appropriate emotions are necessary for guiding, or at least understanding right action Moral rationalism - correct answers The belief that doing the right thing, or at least understanding what makes action right, requires rational justification Moral objectivism - correct answers The position that moral truths exist independently from opinion Moral skepticism - correct answers The belief that if moral claims are true at all, they are only true relative to the person making the claim OR the culture of which the person making the claim is a member