Integration Exam 5 Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Version 2025-2026
Plasma - Answers Liquid matrix of blood, composed of water, proteins, and other substances
composition of plasma - Answers 91% water, 7% proteins, amino acids, 2% other substances
(hormones, electrolytes)
Blood volume - Answers Approximately 8% of total body weight, 5-6L in adult males, 4-5L in
adult females
Formed elements - Answers 45% of blood volume, composed of red blood cells (RBCs) and
white blood cells (WBCs)
Functions of blood - Answers 1. transport oxygen to the tissue cells and carbon dioxide to the
lungs;
2. transport nutrients and waste products;
3. transport processed molecules from one part of the body to another (for example, lactic acid
is carried by the blood to the liver, where it is converted into glucose)
4. transport regulatory hormones and enzymes
5. regulate the pH and osmosis
6. maintain body temperature
7. protect against foreign substance
8. form clots
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) - Answers Transport oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon
dioxide from tissues to lungs
Normal range of RBC count - Answers 4.2-6.2 million per cubic millimeter of blood (mm3)
Average RBC count - Answers 5.8 billion per mm3, 4.8 billion per mm3 in females
Hematocrit - Answers Percentage of RBCs in relation to total blood volume
Biconcave shape of RBCs - Answers Increases surface area for efficient gas exchange
Production of RBCs - Answers Occurs in red bone marrow in various bones
Hemoglobin - Answers Major substance of RBCs, carries oxygen
White blood cells (leukocytes) - Answers Protect the body against microorganisms, remove
dead cells and debris
, Types of WBCs - Answers Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and agranulocytes
(lymphocytes, monocytes)
Diapedesis - Answers Process by which WBCs leave the blood vessels and enter tissues
Average number of WBCs - Answers Between 5000 and 9000 cells/mm3
Leukocytosis - Answers Overall increase in number of WBCs
Leukopenia - Answers Overall decrease in number of WBCs
Anemia - Answers Deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood, caused by reduced number of RBCs or
decrease in hemoglobin amount in each RBC
Causes of anemia - Answers Nutritional deficiency, hemorrhagic anemia, folate deficiency,
pernicious anemia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, sickle cell anemia
Granulocytes - Answers WBCs with large granules in their cytoplasm (neutrophils, eosinophils,
basophils)
Neutrophils - Answers Contain numerous cytoplasmic granules, active phagocytic cells
Eosinophils - Answers Contain large, numerous, coarse cytoplasmic granules, destroy protozoa
and parasitic worms
Basophils - Answers Least numerous WBCs, contain histamine and heparin in cytoplasmic
granules
Complete blood cell count - Answers one of the most useful and frequently ordered blood tests
consists of a battery of tests that measures the patient's standard:
1. red blood cell,
2. white blood cell,
3. thrombocyte counts;
4. the differential white blood cell count;
5. hematocrit;
6. hemoglobin content
7. other characteristics of the formed blood elements
Respiratory Therapist reviews CBC when: - Answers assessing the patient's red blood cell count,
differential white blood cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin level
Agranulocytes - Answers WBCs without cytoplasmic granules (lymphocytes, monocytes)
Plasma - Answers Liquid matrix of blood, composed of water, proteins, and other substances
composition of plasma - Answers 91% water, 7% proteins, amino acids, 2% other substances
(hormones, electrolytes)
Blood volume - Answers Approximately 8% of total body weight, 5-6L in adult males, 4-5L in
adult females
Formed elements - Answers 45% of blood volume, composed of red blood cells (RBCs) and
white blood cells (WBCs)
Functions of blood - Answers 1. transport oxygen to the tissue cells and carbon dioxide to the
lungs;
2. transport nutrients and waste products;
3. transport processed molecules from one part of the body to another (for example, lactic acid
is carried by the blood to the liver, where it is converted into glucose)
4. transport regulatory hormones and enzymes
5. regulate the pH and osmosis
6. maintain body temperature
7. protect against foreign substance
8. form clots
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) - Answers Transport oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon
dioxide from tissues to lungs
Normal range of RBC count - Answers 4.2-6.2 million per cubic millimeter of blood (mm3)
Average RBC count - Answers 5.8 billion per mm3, 4.8 billion per mm3 in females
Hematocrit - Answers Percentage of RBCs in relation to total blood volume
Biconcave shape of RBCs - Answers Increases surface area for efficient gas exchange
Production of RBCs - Answers Occurs in red bone marrow in various bones
Hemoglobin - Answers Major substance of RBCs, carries oxygen
White blood cells (leukocytes) - Answers Protect the body against microorganisms, remove
dead cells and debris
, Types of WBCs - Answers Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and agranulocytes
(lymphocytes, monocytes)
Diapedesis - Answers Process by which WBCs leave the blood vessels and enter tissues
Average number of WBCs - Answers Between 5000 and 9000 cells/mm3
Leukocytosis - Answers Overall increase in number of WBCs
Leukopenia - Answers Overall decrease in number of WBCs
Anemia - Answers Deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood, caused by reduced number of RBCs or
decrease in hemoglobin amount in each RBC
Causes of anemia - Answers Nutritional deficiency, hemorrhagic anemia, folate deficiency,
pernicious anemia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, sickle cell anemia
Granulocytes - Answers WBCs with large granules in their cytoplasm (neutrophils, eosinophils,
basophils)
Neutrophils - Answers Contain numerous cytoplasmic granules, active phagocytic cells
Eosinophils - Answers Contain large, numerous, coarse cytoplasmic granules, destroy protozoa
and parasitic worms
Basophils - Answers Least numerous WBCs, contain histamine and heparin in cytoplasmic
granules
Complete blood cell count - Answers one of the most useful and frequently ordered blood tests
consists of a battery of tests that measures the patient's standard:
1. red blood cell,
2. white blood cell,
3. thrombocyte counts;
4. the differential white blood cell count;
5. hematocrit;
6. hemoglobin content
7. other characteristics of the formed blood elements
Respiratory Therapist reviews CBC when: - Answers assessing the patient's red blood cell count,
differential white blood cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin level
Agranulocytes - Answers WBCs without cytoplasmic granules (lymphocytes, monocytes)
