Fall
2020
Anatomy
Foundations of Medicine I:
Introduction to Human Biology
FM1010
ANTHONY GOODINGS
,Table of Contents
Lecture 1: Learning Objectives: ............................................................................................... 6
Anatomical Position ......................................................................................................................... 6
Planes in the Body ........................................................................................................................... 6
Sagittal Plane ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Coronal Plane ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Horizontal/Transverse/Axial Plane ..................................................................................................................... 6
Terms to Describe Locations ............................................................................................................ 7
Parts of the Upper Limb ................................................................................................................... 7
Parts of the Lower Limb ................................................................................................................... 7
Movements in the Sagittal Plane ..................................................................................................... 8
Flexion and Extension ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Trunk: ............................................................................................................................................................. 8
Upper Limb: .................................................................................................................................................... 8
Lower Limb: .................................................................................................................................................... 8
Movements in the Coronal Plane ..................................................................................................... 8
Trunk: .................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Limbs: .................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Fingers and Toes: ................................................................................................................................................ 8
Rotation .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Movement of Forearm Bones .......................................................................................................... 9
Inversion and Eversion ..................................................................................................................... 9
Lecture 2: Learning Objectives .............................................................................................. 10
Functional Division of the Nervous System .................................................................................... 10
Visceral Fibers: .................................................................................................................................................. 10
Somatic Fibers: .................................................................................................................................................. 10
Structural Division of the Nervous System ..................................................................................... 10
Spinal Cord .................................................................................................................................... 11
Segmentation ................................................................................................................................ 11
Arrangement of Pair of Spinal Nerve .............................................................................................. 11
Dermatome ................................................................................................................................... 12
Myotome ....................................................................................................................................... 12
Nerve Supply to Limbs ................................................................................................................... 12
Upper Limb ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Peripheral Nerve Disorders ............................................................................................................................... 12
Peripheral Nerve Fibers .................................................................................................................................... 12
Motor neuron/motoneuron: ........................................................................................................................ 12
Lower motoneurons: .................................................................................................................................... 12
Sensory neurons:.......................................................................................................................................... 13
Spinal Nerve Trunk and Primary Rami .............................................................................................................. 13
1
, Myelinated Neurons ...................................................................................................................... 13
Lecture 4: Learning Objectives .............................................................................................. 14
Surface Anatomy of the Upper Limb .............................................................................................. 15
The Axilla ....................................................................................................................................... 15
3 Gateways Through Posterior Wall ................................................................................................................. 16
Contents of the Axilla ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Axillary Sheath.............................................................................................................................................. 16
Axillary Artery............................................................................................................................................... 16
Axillary Vein.................................................................................................................................................. 17
Lymph Nodes................................................................................................................................................ 17
Brachial Plexus............................................................................................................................... 18
Dermatomes and Myotomes of the Upper Limb .............................................................................................. 19
Brachial Plexus Injuries ..................................................................................................................................... 19
Lecture 6: Learning Objective ................................................................................................ 20
Muscle Compartments of the Arm ................................................................................................. 20
Anterior Compartment ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Musculocutaneous Nerve ............................................................................................................................ 22
Posterior Compartment .................................................................................................................................... 22
Radial Nerve ................................................................................................................................................. 22
Median and Ulnar Nerve ................................................................................................................................... 23
Arteries of the Arm ........................................................................................................................ 23
Veins in the Arm ............................................................................................................................ 24
Superficial Veins ................................................................................................................................................ 24
Cubital Fossa.................................................................................................................................. 25
Lecture 7: Learning Objectives .............................................................................................. 26
Joints ............................................................................................................................................. 26
Structural Classification .................................................................................................................................... 26
Non-Synovial Joints........................................................................................................................ 26
Fibrous Joints .................................................................................................................................................... 26
Cartilaginous Joints ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Synovial Joints ............................................................................................................................... 27
Articular Cartilage ............................................................................................................................................. 27
Fibrous Capsule ................................................................................................................................................. 28
Ligaments .......................................................................................................................................................... 28
Synovial Membrane .......................................................................................................................................... 28
Intra-Articular Discs and Menisci ...................................................................................................................... 28
Labrum .............................................................................................................................................................. 29
Fat Pads ............................................................................................................................................................. 29
Degrees of Freedom....................................................................................................................... 29
Classification of Synovial Joints Based on Shape ............................................................................ 29
Plane/Gliding Joints .......................................................................................................................................... 29
Hinge Joints ....................................................................................................................................................... 30
Saddle Joints ..................................................................................................................................................... 30
2
, Pivot Joints ........................................................................................................................................................ 30
Ellipsoid (Condyloid) Joints ............................................................................................................................... 30
Ball and Socket Joints ........................................................................................................................................ 31
Congruity ....................................................................................................................................... 31
Osteoarthritis ................................................................................................................................ 31
Lecture 8: Learning Objectives .............................................................................................. 33
Pectoral Girdle ............................................................................................................................... 33
Muscles Moving the Pectoral Girdle ................................................................................................................. 34
Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Joint ...................................................................................................... 34
Muscles that Stabilize the Shoulder Joint ......................................................................................................... 35
Muscles Acting on the Shoulder Joint ............................................................................................................... 35
Axillary Nerve ................................................................................................................................ 36
Axillary Nerve Damage ...................................................................................................................................... 36
Glenohumeral Joint Features ............................................................................................................................ 36
Bursae of the Shoulder ..................................................................................................................................... 37
Elbow Joint .................................................................................................................................... 37
Movements ....................................................................................................................................................... 37
Ligaments at the Elbow Joint ............................................................................................................................ 37
Pulled Elbow ..................................................................................................................................................... 38
Lecture 10: Learning Objectives ............................................................................................ 39
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm ........................................................................................... 39
Anterior Compartment ..................................................................................................................................... 39
Palm of Hand ................................................................................................................................. 40
Palmar Aponeurosis .......................................................................................................................................... 40
Dupuytren’s Contracture .................................................................................................................................. 40
Carpal Tunnel .................................................................................................................................................... 41
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand ........................................................................................................................... 41
Lecture 12: Learning Objectives ............................................................................................ 42
Colles’ Fracture .............................................................................................................................. 42
Carpal Bones .................................................................................................................................. 42
Joints ............................................................................................................................................. 42
Distal Radioulnar Joint ...................................................................................................................................... 42
Wrist (radiocarpal) joint: ................................................................................................................................... 42
Metacarpophalangeal Joints (MP) .................................................................................................................... 43
Proximal Interphalangeal Joints (PIP) and Distal Interphalangeal Joints (DIP) ................................................. 43
Posterior Compartment of Forearm ............................................................................................... 43
Posterior Muscles: Superficial Group................................................................................................................ 43
Posterior Muscles: Deep Group ........................................................................................................................ 43
Extensor Tendons at Wrist ................................................................................................................................ 44
Radial Nerve ...................................................................................................................................................... 44
Lecture 13: Learning Objectives ............................................................................................ 45
Forearm Nerve Injury – Median Nerve ........................................................................................... 45
3
2020
Anatomy
Foundations of Medicine I:
Introduction to Human Biology
FM1010
ANTHONY GOODINGS
,Table of Contents
Lecture 1: Learning Objectives: ............................................................................................... 6
Anatomical Position ......................................................................................................................... 6
Planes in the Body ........................................................................................................................... 6
Sagittal Plane ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Coronal Plane ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Horizontal/Transverse/Axial Plane ..................................................................................................................... 6
Terms to Describe Locations ............................................................................................................ 7
Parts of the Upper Limb ................................................................................................................... 7
Parts of the Lower Limb ................................................................................................................... 7
Movements in the Sagittal Plane ..................................................................................................... 8
Flexion and Extension ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Trunk: ............................................................................................................................................................. 8
Upper Limb: .................................................................................................................................................... 8
Lower Limb: .................................................................................................................................................... 8
Movements in the Coronal Plane ..................................................................................................... 8
Trunk: .................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Limbs: .................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Fingers and Toes: ................................................................................................................................................ 8
Rotation .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Movement of Forearm Bones .......................................................................................................... 9
Inversion and Eversion ..................................................................................................................... 9
Lecture 2: Learning Objectives .............................................................................................. 10
Functional Division of the Nervous System .................................................................................... 10
Visceral Fibers: .................................................................................................................................................. 10
Somatic Fibers: .................................................................................................................................................. 10
Structural Division of the Nervous System ..................................................................................... 10
Spinal Cord .................................................................................................................................... 11
Segmentation ................................................................................................................................ 11
Arrangement of Pair of Spinal Nerve .............................................................................................. 11
Dermatome ................................................................................................................................... 12
Myotome ....................................................................................................................................... 12
Nerve Supply to Limbs ................................................................................................................... 12
Upper Limb ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Peripheral Nerve Disorders ............................................................................................................................... 12
Peripheral Nerve Fibers .................................................................................................................................... 12
Motor neuron/motoneuron: ........................................................................................................................ 12
Lower motoneurons: .................................................................................................................................... 12
Sensory neurons:.......................................................................................................................................... 13
Spinal Nerve Trunk and Primary Rami .............................................................................................................. 13
1
, Myelinated Neurons ...................................................................................................................... 13
Lecture 4: Learning Objectives .............................................................................................. 14
Surface Anatomy of the Upper Limb .............................................................................................. 15
The Axilla ....................................................................................................................................... 15
3 Gateways Through Posterior Wall ................................................................................................................. 16
Contents of the Axilla ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Axillary Sheath.............................................................................................................................................. 16
Axillary Artery............................................................................................................................................... 16
Axillary Vein.................................................................................................................................................. 17
Lymph Nodes................................................................................................................................................ 17
Brachial Plexus............................................................................................................................... 18
Dermatomes and Myotomes of the Upper Limb .............................................................................................. 19
Brachial Plexus Injuries ..................................................................................................................................... 19
Lecture 6: Learning Objective ................................................................................................ 20
Muscle Compartments of the Arm ................................................................................................. 20
Anterior Compartment ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Musculocutaneous Nerve ............................................................................................................................ 22
Posterior Compartment .................................................................................................................................... 22
Radial Nerve ................................................................................................................................................. 22
Median and Ulnar Nerve ................................................................................................................................... 23
Arteries of the Arm ........................................................................................................................ 23
Veins in the Arm ............................................................................................................................ 24
Superficial Veins ................................................................................................................................................ 24
Cubital Fossa.................................................................................................................................. 25
Lecture 7: Learning Objectives .............................................................................................. 26
Joints ............................................................................................................................................. 26
Structural Classification .................................................................................................................................... 26
Non-Synovial Joints........................................................................................................................ 26
Fibrous Joints .................................................................................................................................................... 26
Cartilaginous Joints ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Synovial Joints ............................................................................................................................... 27
Articular Cartilage ............................................................................................................................................. 27
Fibrous Capsule ................................................................................................................................................. 28
Ligaments .......................................................................................................................................................... 28
Synovial Membrane .......................................................................................................................................... 28
Intra-Articular Discs and Menisci ...................................................................................................................... 28
Labrum .............................................................................................................................................................. 29
Fat Pads ............................................................................................................................................................. 29
Degrees of Freedom....................................................................................................................... 29
Classification of Synovial Joints Based on Shape ............................................................................ 29
Plane/Gliding Joints .......................................................................................................................................... 29
Hinge Joints ....................................................................................................................................................... 30
Saddle Joints ..................................................................................................................................................... 30
2
, Pivot Joints ........................................................................................................................................................ 30
Ellipsoid (Condyloid) Joints ............................................................................................................................... 30
Ball and Socket Joints ........................................................................................................................................ 31
Congruity ....................................................................................................................................... 31
Osteoarthritis ................................................................................................................................ 31
Lecture 8: Learning Objectives .............................................................................................. 33
Pectoral Girdle ............................................................................................................................... 33
Muscles Moving the Pectoral Girdle ................................................................................................................. 34
Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Joint ...................................................................................................... 34
Muscles that Stabilize the Shoulder Joint ......................................................................................................... 35
Muscles Acting on the Shoulder Joint ............................................................................................................... 35
Axillary Nerve ................................................................................................................................ 36
Axillary Nerve Damage ...................................................................................................................................... 36
Glenohumeral Joint Features ............................................................................................................................ 36
Bursae of the Shoulder ..................................................................................................................................... 37
Elbow Joint .................................................................................................................................... 37
Movements ....................................................................................................................................................... 37
Ligaments at the Elbow Joint ............................................................................................................................ 37
Pulled Elbow ..................................................................................................................................................... 38
Lecture 10: Learning Objectives ............................................................................................ 39
Muscle Compartments of the Forearm ........................................................................................... 39
Anterior Compartment ..................................................................................................................................... 39
Palm of Hand ................................................................................................................................. 40
Palmar Aponeurosis .......................................................................................................................................... 40
Dupuytren’s Contracture .................................................................................................................................. 40
Carpal Tunnel .................................................................................................................................................... 41
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand ........................................................................................................................... 41
Lecture 12: Learning Objectives ............................................................................................ 42
Colles’ Fracture .............................................................................................................................. 42
Carpal Bones .................................................................................................................................. 42
Joints ............................................................................................................................................. 42
Distal Radioulnar Joint ...................................................................................................................................... 42
Wrist (radiocarpal) joint: ................................................................................................................................... 42
Metacarpophalangeal Joints (MP) .................................................................................................................... 43
Proximal Interphalangeal Joints (PIP) and Distal Interphalangeal Joints (DIP) ................................................. 43
Posterior Compartment of Forearm ............................................................................................... 43
Posterior Muscles: Superficial Group................................................................................................................ 43
Posterior Muscles: Deep Group ........................................................................................................................ 43
Extensor Tendons at Wrist ................................................................................................................................ 44
Radial Nerve ...................................................................................................................................................... 44
Lecture 13: Learning Objectives ............................................................................................ 45
Forearm Nerve Injury – Median Nerve ........................................................................................... 45
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