Radiation Protection in Medical
Radiography, Chapter 4 Exam Q’s and
A’s
Who discovered x-rays? - Answer- Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
What year were x-rays discovered? - Answer- 1895
How were x-rays discovered? - Answer- Roentgen was investigating the nature of
cathode rays and fluorescent materials. Passed electricity through a Crookes tube
that was covered with a shield of black cardboard. He observed light coming from
the paper coated with barium platinocyanide. Found out x-rays could expose
photographic film.
What was the first radiograph taken? - Answer- Roentgen's wife's hand
What year were the first cases of radiation induced damages noted? - Answer-
1896
Year of first death related to radiation induced injuries? - Answer- 1904
Who was the first death related to radiation induced cancer?
What type of cancer killed him? (Somatic (body) damage) - Answer- Clarence
Dailey
Leukemia
Types of occupational Exposure - Answer- Radiodermatitis
Many turned cancerous
Skin Radiodermatitis - Answer- First occupational notes - reddening of the skin
Blood disorders - Answer- Aplastic Anemia
Leukemia
Leukemia - Answer- Abnormal overproduction of white blood cells
Aplastic Anemia - Answer- Results from bone marrow failure
What made early radiography pioneers investigate radiation protection measures? -
Answer- Early radiation injuries such as radiodermatitis
, Early Deterministic Somatic Effects - Answer- -Nausea
-Fatigue
-Diffuse redness of the skin
-Loss of hair
-Intestinal disorders
-Shedding outer layer of skin
Late Deterministic Somatic Effects - Answer- -Cataract formation
-Fibrosis
-Organ atrophy
-Loss of parenchymal cells
-Reduced fertility
-Sterility
Late Stochastic Effects - Answer- -Cancer
-Genetic (hereditary) effects
Skin Erythema Dose - Answer- -1900-1930
-unit in use for measuring radiation exposure
-the received quantity of radiation that causes diffuse redness over an area of skin
after irradiation.
Year roentgen was accepted unit of exposure without a great definition? - Answer-
1928
What were used to measure for radiation dose in the early years? - Answer-
Short-term effects (acute or early effects)
Level of radiation accepted to be the level with which exposure did not cause
apparent harmful side effects? - Answer- Tolerance Level; NOW called threshold
dose
A radiation dose to which occupationally exposed persons could be continuously
subjected without any apparent harmful acute effects, such as erythema of the skin?
- Answer- Tolerance dose
What year did the National Commission on Radiation Protection (NCRP) form? -
Answer- 1946
What year begins the Modern Era of Radiation Protection? - Answer- 1950
What were established with the beginning of the Modern Era of Radiation
Protection? - Answer- Maximum permissible doses/Units of measure
Year SI units adopted? (Unified system of metric units worldwide) - Answer- 1980
Radiography, Chapter 4 Exam Q’s and
A’s
Who discovered x-rays? - Answer- Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
What year were x-rays discovered? - Answer- 1895
How were x-rays discovered? - Answer- Roentgen was investigating the nature of
cathode rays and fluorescent materials. Passed electricity through a Crookes tube
that was covered with a shield of black cardboard. He observed light coming from
the paper coated with barium platinocyanide. Found out x-rays could expose
photographic film.
What was the first radiograph taken? - Answer- Roentgen's wife's hand
What year were the first cases of radiation induced damages noted? - Answer-
1896
Year of first death related to radiation induced injuries? - Answer- 1904
Who was the first death related to radiation induced cancer?
What type of cancer killed him? (Somatic (body) damage) - Answer- Clarence
Dailey
Leukemia
Types of occupational Exposure - Answer- Radiodermatitis
Many turned cancerous
Skin Radiodermatitis - Answer- First occupational notes - reddening of the skin
Blood disorders - Answer- Aplastic Anemia
Leukemia
Leukemia - Answer- Abnormal overproduction of white blood cells
Aplastic Anemia - Answer- Results from bone marrow failure
What made early radiography pioneers investigate radiation protection measures? -
Answer- Early radiation injuries such as radiodermatitis
, Early Deterministic Somatic Effects - Answer- -Nausea
-Fatigue
-Diffuse redness of the skin
-Loss of hair
-Intestinal disorders
-Shedding outer layer of skin
Late Deterministic Somatic Effects - Answer- -Cataract formation
-Fibrosis
-Organ atrophy
-Loss of parenchymal cells
-Reduced fertility
-Sterility
Late Stochastic Effects - Answer- -Cancer
-Genetic (hereditary) effects
Skin Erythema Dose - Answer- -1900-1930
-unit in use for measuring radiation exposure
-the received quantity of radiation that causes diffuse redness over an area of skin
after irradiation.
Year roentgen was accepted unit of exposure without a great definition? - Answer-
1928
What were used to measure for radiation dose in the early years? - Answer-
Short-term effects (acute or early effects)
Level of radiation accepted to be the level with which exposure did not cause
apparent harmful side effects? - Answer- Tolerance Level; NOW called threshold
dose
A radiation dose to which occupationally exposed persons could be continuously
subjected without any apparent harmful acute effects, such as erythema of the skin?
- Answer- Tolerance dose
What year did the National Commission on Radiation Protection (NCRP) form? -
Answer- 1946
What year begins the Modern Era of Radiation Protection? - Answer- 1950
What were established with the beginning of the Modern Era of Radiation
Protection? - Answer- Maximum permissible doses/Units of measure
Year SI units adopted? (Unified system of metric units worldwide) - Answer- 1980
