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Cambrian Period - CORRECT ANSWER-Most living animals
originated in the Cambrian period, including sponges,
jellyfishes, arthropods, mollusks, and many types of worms.
radial symmetry - CORRECT ANSWER-Symmetry about a central axis.
bilateral symmetry - CORRECT ANSWER-Body plan in which only a
single, imaginary line can divide the body into two equal halves.
germ layers - CORRECT ANSWER-Three main layers that form the
various tissues and organs of an animal body.
Gastrulation - CORRECT ANSWER-In animal development, a series of
cell and tissue movements in which the blastula-stage embryo
folds inward, producing a three-layered embryo, the gastrula.
Ectoderm - CORRECT ANSWER-outermost germ layer; produces
sense organs, nerves, and outer layer of skin
,Mesoderm - CORRECT ANSWER-middle germ layer; develops into
muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and
excretory systems
Endoderm - CORRECT ANSWER-innermost germ layer; develops into
the linings of the digestive tract and much of the respiratory
system
protostomes - CORRECT ANSWER-mouth develops first
Deuterostomes - CORRECT ANSWER-anus develops first
coelom - CORRECT ANSWER-fluid-filled body cavity lined with
mesoderm that cushions body organs and enables them to shift
as the animal bends and moves
incomplete digestive tract - CORRECT ANSWER-digestive tract with
one opening that takes in food and ejects wastes
complete digestive tract - CORRECT ANSWER-digestive system that
has two openings, a mouth and an anus, that are at opposite
ends of a continuous tube
Segmentation - CORRECT ANSWER-The division of the body of an
organism into a series of similar parts. Adds to the body's
flexibility and increases the potential for the development of
specialized body parts.
, Sponges (Porifera) - CORRECT ANSWER-simple, asymmetric, sessile
animals frequently determined by the shape of the bottom
sediments or material on which they are growing and by the
water currents flowing around them.
Most are marine, although some live in fresh water.
Sponge feeding - CORRECT ANSWER-filter feeders; water moves into
the body through spores, then out through a hole at the top.
This allows the sponge to trap food and eliminate waste.
sponge reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER-Can be asexual (by
budding) or sexual. Sperm are released into the water and
fertilize eggs retained in the body of the sponge.
Cnidarians - CORRECT ANSWER-aquatic, radially symmetric
invertebrates that have stinging cells and take food into a
central body cavity. Four groups are jellyfish, hydra, coral, and
sea anemones. Have an incomplete digestive tract.
polyp - CORRECT ANSWER-The sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian
with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the
other
Medusa - CORRECT ANSWER-A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-
shaped body and tentacles
Coral reefs - CORRECT ANSWER-Cnidarians that are the basis of
crucial ocean ecosystems. Corals secrete calcium carbonate