PHILOSOPHY MIDTERM EXAM IN RELATION TO AGRONOMY-
SOLVED #22
For our purposes, "myth" means basically untrue. (T/F) - correct answer False
Early philosophers built their approach to knowledge and life as an intentional
contradiction of the mythological approach to knowledge and life. (T/F) - correct answer
True
What was the main reason for early philosophers rejecting a mythological worldview? -
correct answer Mythological accounts have a dark side: they aren't concerned with logic
and literal truth, which makes them subject to bias.
Modern science is a form of the philosophical approach to the world. (T/F) - correct
answer True
Myths differ from philosophy in that they tend to give figurative/symbolic accounts of
reality, they give fixed and rigid explanations of life's deeper dimensions, and
____________. - correct answer They tend to be unitive rather than disruptive.
Big Foot is a good example of a myth. (T/F) - correct answer False
Philosophers challenge myths at the level of entire cultures, as well as at the level of
families and even individuals. Personal myths (myths that people tell themselves to
cope with reality) are called by psychologists: - correct answer Rationalization
One potentially negative thing about myths is that they are irrational. (T/F) - correct
answer False
Philosophy is primarily a body of personal beliefs, like when someone says, "My
philosophy is...". (T/F) - correct answer False
Which of the three primary characteristics of philosophy is connected to the scientific
revolution from which modern science eventually emerged?
1. Its concern with literal/rational descriptions of reality.
2. Its disruptive impact.
3. Its focus on asking questions over giving fixed answers.
4. 1 and 3 only
5. 1, 2, and 3 - correct answer 1, 2, and 3
Which of the following is/are characteristic of "deductive reasoning"?
A. Gives absolute certainty (when done correctly)
B. Goes from specific to general
C. Used most often
, D. Comes from Sherlock Holmes originally - correct answer Gives absolute certainty
(when done correctly)
Which of the following is/are characteristic of "inductive reasoning"?
A. Goes from general to specific
B. Absolutely certain (when done correctly)
C. Goes from specific to general
D. Impractical in most circumstances - correct answer Goes from specific to general
Which of the following is/are characteristic of "deductive reasoning"?
A. Goes from general to specific
B. Goes from specific to general
C. Only gives probability
D. Practical in most circumstances - correct answer Goes from general to specific
Which of the following is/are characteristic of "inductive reasoning"?
A. Only gives probability
B. Goes from general to specific
C. Gives absolute certainty (when done correctly)
D. Comes from Sherlock Holmes originally - correct answer Only gives probability
Which of the following is/are characteristic of "deductive reasoning?"
A. Only gives probability
B. Relatively impractical in most circumstances of life
C. Goes from specific to General
D. Very practical in most circumstances - correct answer Relatively impractical in most
circumstances of life
Because it starts with observation, the scientific method primarily uses deductive
reasoning in generating its theories. (T/F) - correct answer False
The idea that something cannot both be and not be at the same time and in the same
way refers primarily to which of the three laws of thought? - correct answer The Law of
Non-Contradiction
Objects fall at a rate of 9.8 meters per second squared. This is a description of the so-
called "law of gravity." We know about this law of nature primarily through inductive
reasoning. (T/F) - correct answer True
The difference between "validity" and soundness" in logic is that: - correct answer A
valid argument has a good logical structure, while a sound argument has a good
structure and the premises are true.
SOLVED #22
For our purposes, "myth" means basically untrue. (T/F) - correct answer False
Early philosophers built their approach to knowledge and life as an intentional
contradiction of the mythological approach to knowledge and life. (T/F) - correct answer
True
What was the main reason for early philosophers rejecting a mythological worldview? -
correct answer Mythological accounts have a dark side: they aren't concerned with logic
and literal truth, which makes them subject to bias.
Modern science is a form of the philosophical approach to the world. (T/F) - correct
answer True
Myths differ from philosophy in that they tend to give figurative/symbolic accounts of
reality, they give fixed and rigid explanations of life's deeper dimensions, and
____________. - correct answer They tend to be unitive rather than disruptive.
Big Foot is a good example of a myth. (T/F) - correct answer False
Philosophers challenge myths at the level of entire cultures, as well as at the level of
families and even individuals. Personal myths (myths that people tell themselves to
cope with reality) are called by psychologists: - correct answer Rationalization
One potentially negative thing about myths is that they are irrational. (T/F) - correct
answer False
Philosophy is primarily a body of personal beliefs, like when someone says, "My
philosophy is...". (T/F) - correct answer False
Which of the three primary characteristics of philosophy is connected to the scientific
revolution from which modern science eventually emerged?
1. Its concern with literal/rational descriptions of reality.
2. Its disruptive impact.
3. Its focus on asking questions over giving fixed answers.
4. 1 and 3 only
5. 1, 2, and 3 - correct answer 1, 2, and 3
Which of the following is/are characteristic of "deductive reasoning"?
A. Gives absolute certainty (when done correctly)
B. Goes from specific to general
C. Used most often
, D. Comes from Sherlock Holmes originally - correct answer Gives absolute certainty
(when done correctly)
Which of the following is/are characteristic of "inductive reasoning"?
A. Goes from general to specific
B. Absolutely certain (when done correctly)
C. Goes from specific to general
D. Impractical in most circumstances - correct answer Goes from specific to general
Which of the following is/are characteristic of "deductive reasoning"?
A. Goes from general to specific
B. Goes from specific to general
C. Only gives probability
D. Practical in most circumstances - correct answer Goes from general to specific
Which of the following is/are characteristic of "inductive reasoning"?
A. Only gives probability
B. Goes from general to specific
C. Gives absolute certainty (when done correctly)
D. Comes from Sherlock Holmes originally - correct answer Only gives probability
Which of the following is/are characteristic of "deductive reasoning?"
A. Only gives probability
B. Relatively impractical in most circumstances of life
C. Goes from specific to General
D. Very practical in most circumstances - correct answer Relatively impractical in most
circumstances of life
Because it starts with observation, the scientific method primarily uses deductive
reasoning in generating its theories. (T/F) - correct answer False
The idea that something cannot both be and not be at the same time and in the same
way refers primarily to which of the three laws of thought? - correct answer The Law of
Non-Contradiction
Objects fall at a rate of 9.8 meters per second squared. This is a description of the so-
called "law of gravity." We know about this law of nature primarily through inductive
reasoning. (T/F) - correct answer True
The difference between "validity" and soundness" in logic is that: - correct answer A
valid argument has a good logical structure, while a sound argument has a good
structure and the premises are true.
