NSG 552 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY EXAM
1 - MODULES 1-3 EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS( FROM A VERIFIED
SOURCE) |ALREADY GRADED A+|| 2025
BRAND NEW VERSION!!!
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER-Studies how the body acts on
the drug
Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER-Studies how the drug acts on
the body
First-generation antipsychotic - CORRECT ANSWER-- first developed
in the 1950s, first available treatment for psychosis
- aka typical antipsychotics
- increased risk for EPS, Tardive dyskinesia
- d2 blocker
- Currently 11 FDA-approved and commerically available FGAs
,- Most common differences between individual FGAs are their potency
and side effects
- examples include Thorazine (chlorpromazine), Haldol (haloperidol),
Prolixin (fluphenazine), perphenazine (Trilafon
Second-generation antipsychotic - CORRECT ANSWER-- examples
include Abilify (aripiprazole), Seroquel (quetiapine), Zyprexa
(olanzapine), Risperdal (risperidone), Clozaril (clozapine)
- lower risk of EPS symptoms compared to 1st gen
- higher risk of metabolic side effects
- serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonists
- AKA atypical antipsychotics
EPS - CORRECT ANSWER-Involuntary movements that occur as a side
effect to certina medications. AKA drug induced movement disorder.
May include tardive dyskinesia, dystonic reactions, parkinsons-like
symptoms, akathesia, NMD, akinesia
- Can be acute or chronic
- related to suppression of D2 dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal
pathway
Tardive dyskinesia - CORRECT ANSWER-- characterized by
involuntary movments in the face and body
,- often induced by long-term use of anitpsychotic drugs
- can be associated with use of other medication types
(antidepressants, lithium, antihistamines)
- more common with 1st gen antipsychotics
- movements may include: writhing, mouth puckering, tongue rolling, lip
smacking, pill rolling, tongue protrusion
Upregulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Refers to the activiation of the
nervous system. Is the process by which a cell increases its response
to a subtance or signal from outside the cell to carry out a specific
response
downregulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Refers to state of calm/relation
within nervous system. Characterized by a decreased response by a cell
to a molecule or neurotransmitter.
Receptor Profiles - CORRECT ANSWER-FGA - Primarily D2
antagonism. Also antagonize M2, H1, and a1 receptors
SGA - 5-HT2A & D2 antagonism. Rapid D2 dissociation. 5HT2A
agonism. Also antagonizes M2, H1, 5HT2C, and a1 receptors
Binding - CORRECT ANSWER-When a neurotransmitter binds to a
receptor on a receiving cell, it causes ion channels to open or close.
, Affinity - CORRECT ANSWER-The property of a drug that describes
its ability to bind to a receptor
Constant
Unique for each drug-receptor pair as it is dependent on each of their
structures
CYP450 - CORRECT ANSWER-- membrane-bound hemoproteins that
play a pivotal role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, cellular
metabolism, and homeostatis
-Inhibitition or induction of CYP enzymes is a major mechanism
underlying drug-drug interactions
- A CYP450 inhibitor prevents or reduces work by CYP450 enzymes =
decreased drug metabolism and increased risk for toxicity
- A CYP450 inducer increases rate of hepatic metabolism = decreased
serum concentation of other drugs metabolized by the same hepatic
isoenzyme
Grapefruit juice is an inhibtior, which can increase serum levels of
certain drugs
Dopamine Pathways - CORRECT ANSWER-- mesolimbic (positive sx)
- mesocortical (negative sx)
- nigrostriatal (EPS)
- tuberoinfundibular (prolactin)
1 - MODULES 1-3 EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS( FROM A VERIFIED
SOURCE) |ALREADY GRADED A+|| 2025
BRAND NEW VERSION!!!
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER-Studies how the body acts on
the drug
Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER-Studies how the drug acts on
the body
First-generation antipsychotic - CORRECT ANSWER-- first developed
in the 1950s, first available treatment for psychosis
- aka typical antipsychotics
- increased risk for EPS, Tardive dyskinesia
- d2 blocker
- Currently 11 FDA-approved and commerically available FGAs
,- Most common differences between individual FGAs are their potency
and side effects
- examples include Thorazine (chlorpromazine), Haldol (haloperidol),
Prolixin (fluphenazine), perphenazine (Trilafon
Second-generation antipsychotic - CORRECT ANSWER-- examples
include Abilify (aripiprazole), Seroquel (quetiapine), Zyprexa
(olanzapine), Risperdal (risperidone), Clozaril (clozapine)
- lower risk of EPS symptoms compared to 1st gen
- higher risk of metabolic side effects
- serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonists
- AKA atypical antipsychotics
EPS - CORRECT ANSWER-Involuntary movements that occur as a side
effect to certina medications. AKA drug induced movement disorder.
May include tardive dyskinesia, dystonic reactions, parkinsons-like
symptoms, akathesia, NMD, akinesia
- Can be acute or chronic
- related to suppression of D2 dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal
pathway
Tardive dyskinesia - CORRECT ANSWER-- characterized by
involuntary movments in the face and body
,- often induced by long-term use of anitpsychotic drugs
- can be associated with use of other medication types
(antidepressants, lithium, antihistamines)
- more common with 1st gen antipsychotics
- movements may include: writhing, mouth puckering, tongue rolling, lip
smacking, pill rolling, tongue protrusion
Upregulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Refers to the activiation of the
nervous system. Is the process by which a cell increases its response
to a subtance or signal from outside the cell to carry out a specific
response
downregulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Refers to state of calm/relation
within nervous system. Characterized by a decreased response by a cell
to a molecule or neurotransmitter.
Receptor Profiles - CORRECT ANSWER-FGA - Primarily D2
antagonism. Also antagonize M2, H1, and a1 receptors
SGA - 5-HT2A & D2 antagonism. Rapid D2 dissociation. 5HT2A
agonism. Also antagonizes M2, H1, 5HT2C, and a1 receptors
Binding - CORRECT ANSWER-When a neurotransmitter binds to a
receptor on a receiving cell, it causes ion channels to open or close.
, Affinity - CORRECT ANSWER-The property of a drug that describes
its ability to bind to a receptor
Constant
Unique for each drug-receptor pair as it is dependent on each of their
structures
CYP450 - CORRECT ANSWER-- membrane-bound hemoproteins that
play a pivotal role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, cellular
metabolism, and homeostatis
-Inhibitition or induction of CYP enzymes is a major mechanism
underlying drug-drug interactions
- A CYP450 inhibitor prevents or reduces work by CYP450 enzymes =
decreased drug metabolism and increased risk for toxicity
- A CYP450 inducer increases rate of hepatic metabolism = decreased
serum concentation of other drugs metabolized by the same hepatic
isoenzyme
Grapefruit juice is an inhibtior, which can increase serum levels of
certain drugs
Dopamine Pathways - CORRECT ANSWER-- mesolimbic (positive sx)
- mesocortical (negative sx)
- nigrostriatal (EPS)
- tuberoinfundibular (prolactin)
