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1. What is an allele and where is it located? - ANSWER An alternative form
of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a
specific chromosome.
2. Describe incomplete metamorphosis and give examples of organisms that
demonstrate it. - ANSWER A life cycle of certain insects, such as crickets
and grasshoppers, characterized by the absence of a pupal stage between
the immature and adult stages.
3. Briefly define metamorphosis and list its two types. - ANSWER
Metamorphosis refers to the way that insects develop, grow, and change
form. Metamorphosis actually means "change". There are two types of
metamorphosis--incomplete and complete.
4. Describe complete metamorphosis. About what percentage of all insects go
through it? - ANSWER About 88% of all insects go through complete
metamorphosis. Complete metamorphosis has 4 stages:
Egg - A female insects lays eggs.
Larva - Larvae hatch from the eggs. They do not look like adult insects. They
usually have a worm-like shape. Caterpillers, maggots, and grubs are all just
,the larval stages of insects. Larvae molt their skin several times and they grow
slightly larger.
Pupa - Larvae make cocoons around themselves. Larvae don't eat while they're
inside their cocoons. Their bodies develop into an adult shape with wings, legs,
internal organs, etc. This change takes anywhere from 4 days to many months.
Adult - Inside the cocoon, the larvae change into adults. After a period of time,
the adult breaks out of the cocoon.
5. Endangered species - ANSWER Species whose population size is rapidly
declining and will become extinct if the trend continues
6. What is condensation? When does it usually occur? - ANSWER
Condensation is the change of water from its gaseous form (water vapor)
into liquid water. Condensation generally occurs in the atmosphere when
warm air rises, cools and looses its capacity to hold water vapor. As a result,
excess water vapor condenses to form cloud droplets.
7. What is transpiration? - ANSWER Transpiration is the process where
water contained in liquid form in plants is converted to vapor and released
to the atmosphere. Much of the water taken up by plants is released
through transpiration.
8. Evaporation - ANSWER Evaporation is the process by which water is
converted from its liquid form to its vapor form and thus transferred from
land and water masses to the atmosphere.
,9. What is the function of ribosomes? - ANSWER The protein builders or
synthesizers of the cell. They connect amino acids into long chains which
can then be used as enzymes or for other cell function.
10.What are chloraplasts? - ANSWER Areas in the cells of green plants that
use chlorophyll and carotenoids (pigments) to convert light energy to
chemical energy used by cells.
11.What is mitosis? - ANSWER Cell division in which the nucleus divides
into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes
12.Describe the nucleus and its function. - ANSWER Membrane-bound
Contains the cell's hereditary information (chromosomes).
Commonly the most prominent organelle in the cell
Surrounded by a structure called the nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope separates the contents of the nucleus from the
cytoplasm.
Controls the cell's growth and reproduction
13.List six functions of the mitochondria. - ANSWER Mitochondriate
generate most of the cell's power supply - ie adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
They also are involved in signaling, cellular differentiation, cell cycle control,
cell growth and cell death.
, 14.Describe the balance scale's function and purpose. - ANSWER A device
for weighing. It has a balanced beam and two pans. When the pans contain
exactly the same mass the beam will be in balance. You can place an object
in one pan and standard weights in the other to find what the object
weighs.
15.Mass of an object - ANSWER A fundamental property of the object; a
numerical measure of its inertia; a fundamental measure of the amount of
matter in the object.
16.Weight of an object - ANSWER The force of gravity on the object; mass
times the acceleration of gravity, w = mg
17.Density of an object - ANSWER A physical property of matter; each
element and compound is unique. The measure of relative "heaviness" of
objects with a constant volume.
18.Scientific inquiry - ANSWER A way to investigate things and propose
explanations for their observations.
19.Hypothesis - ANSWER A tentative theory about the natural world that if
true would explain certain facts or phenomena.
20.What are the two types of mechanical energy? - ANSWER Can be either
kinetic energy (energy of motion) or potential energy (stored energy of
position).