INFECTION PREVENTION & CONTROL 2025 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS!!
How do healthcare workers protect themselves from coming into contact with
infectious material, sharp injuries, and/ or exposure to a communicable
disease? Answer - by applying knowledge of the infectious process and using
appropriate personal protective equipment.
Diseases such as HEP B and C, HIV/AIDS, TB, and multidrug resistant organisms
require a greater emphasis on infection prevention and control techniques.
What is a HAI (Health Care Associated Infection)? Answer - Infection acquired
following admission to a HC facility NOT present prior to admission
-Nosocomial
How do HAIs significantly increase costs of health care? Answer - 1. Extending
hospital stays
2. Increased disability
3. Increased costs of antibiotics
4. Prolonged recovery times.
HAIs costs are often not reimbursed by Medicare/Medicaid.
WHO is susceptible to HAIs? Answer - ALL patients
,ALL health care workers
NURSES have a higher occupational exposure than other HC professionals due
to frequent patient contact!
What is an infection? Answer - the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens
or microorganisms resulting in disease. * Only results if the pathogen multiplies
and alters normal tissue function.
It is different from a colonization in which a colonization is the presence and
growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage.
some infectious disease such as meningitis, and pneumonia have a low or no
risk for transmission. Although it may be serious for the patient they do not
pose a risk to others including caregivers.
Communicable disease Answer - an infectious disease that can be transmitted
from one person to another
Difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic infections Answer -
Symptomatic infection: if the pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and
symptoms
asymptomatic infection: if clinical signs and symptoms are not present. Ex. HEP
C can be asymptomatic, it is most efficiently transmitted thru direct passage of
blood into the skin from a percutaneous exposure even if the source patient is
asymptomatic.
The chain of infection Answer - The presence of a pathogen does not mean
that an infection will occur. Infection occurs in a cycle that depends on the
presence of all of the following elements:
,•An infectious agent or pathogen
•A reservoir or source for pathogen growth
•A port of exit from the reservoir
•A mode of transmission
•A port of entry to a host
•A susceptible host
(Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of
entry, host.)
* an infection can develop if this chain remains uninterrupted. Preventing
infections involves breaking the chain of infection.
What is the infectious agent element of the chain of infection?
, How to prevent infection in the infectious agent element of the chain of
infection. Answer - microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and
protozoa. Microorganisms on the skin are either resident or transient flora.
Resident organisms ( normal flora): are permanent residents of the skin, where
they survive, and multiply without causing illness.
The potential for microorganisms to cause disease depends on the number of
microorgs present.
Resident skin microorgs are not virulent. Hw they sometimes cause serious
infection when surgery or other invasive procedures allow them to enter deep
tissues or when pt is severely immunocompromised.
Transient organisms: attach to the skin when a person has contact w/ another
person or object during normal activities. EX: when you touch a contaminated
gauze transient bacteria adhere to your skin.
Preventative measure:These organisms can be readily transmitted unless
removed using hand hygiene.
virulence Answer - the ability of microorgs to produce disease; ability to enter
and survive in the host, and the susceptibility of the host.
What is the reservoir element of the chain of infection? Answer - A reservoir is
a place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a
susceptible host. Common reservoirs are humans and animals (hosts), insects,
food, water, and organic matter on inanimate surfaces (fomites). Frequent
QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS!!
How do healthcare workers protect themselves from coming into contact with
infectious material, sharp injuries, and/ or exposure to a communicable
disease? Answer - by applying knowledge of the infectious process and using
appropriate personal protective equipment.
Diseases such as HEP B and C, HIV/AIDS, TB, and multidrug resistant organisms
require a greater emphasis on infection prevention and control techniques.
What is a HAI (Health Care Associated Infection)? Answer - Infection acquired
following admission to a HC facility NOT present prior to admission
-Nosocomial
How do HAIs significantly increase costs of health care? Answer - 1. Extending
hospital stays
2. Increased disability
3. Increased costs of antibiotics
4. Prolonged recovery times.
HAIs costs are often not reimbursed by Medicare/Medicaid.
WHO is susceptible to HAIs? Answer - ALL patients
,ALL health care workers
NURSES have a higher occupational exposure than other HC professionals due
to frequent patient contact!
What is an infection? Answer - the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens
or microorganisms resulting in disease. * Only results if the pathogen multiplies
and alters normal tissue function.
It is different from a colonization in which a colonization is the presence and
growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage.
some infectious disease such as meningitis, and pneumonia have a low or no
risk for transmission. Although it may be serious for the patient they do not
pose a risk to others including caregivers.
Communicable disease Answer - an infectious disease that can be transmitted
from one person to another
Difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic infections Answer -
Symptomatic infection: if the pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and
symptoms
asymptomatic infection: if clinical signs and symptoms are not present. Ex. HEP
C can be asymptomatic, it is most efficiently transmitted thru direct passage of
blood into the skin from a percutaneous exposure even if the source patient is
asymptomatic.
The chain of infection Answer - The presence of a pathogen does not mean
that an infection will occur. Infection occurs in a cycle that depends on the
presence of all of the following elements:
,•An infectious agent or pathogen
•A reservoir or source for pathogen growth
•A port of exit from the reservoir
•A mode of transmission
•A port of entry to a host
•A susceptible host
(Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of
entry, host.)
* an infection can develop if this chain remains uninterrupted. Preventing
infections involves breaking the chain of infection.
What is the infectious agent element of the chain of infection?
, How to prevent infection in the infectious agent element of the chain of
infection. Answer - microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and
protozoa. Microorganisms on the skin are either resident or transient flora.
Resident organisms ( normal flora): are permanent residents of the skin, where
they survive, and multiply without causing illness.
The potential for microorganisms to cause disease depends on the number of
microorgs present.
Resident skin microorgs are not virulent. Hw they sometimes cause serious
infection when surgery or other invasive procedures allow them to enter deep
tissues or when pt is severely immunocompromised.
Transient organisms: attach to the skin when a person has contact w/ another
person or object during normal activities. EX: when you touch a contaminated
gauze transient bacteria adhere to your skin.
Preventative measure:These organisms can be readily transmitted unless
removed using hand hygiene.
virulence Answer - the ability of microorgs to produce disease; ability to enter
and survive in the host, and the susceptibility of the host.
What is the reservoir element of the chain of infection? Answer - A reservoir is
a place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a
susceptible host. Common reservoirs are humans and animals (hosts), insects,
food, water, and organic matter on inanimate surfaces (fomites). Frequent
