NUR 324 Fundamentals EXAM 1 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
examples of pathogens - CORRECT ANSWER - bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions
what is virulence - CORRECT ANSWER - the ability of a pathogen to invade and injure a
host
what are standard precautions - CORRECT ANSWER - They are used during every
patient interaction. Often described as "acting like every patient has a disease that can be easily
transmitted to the HCP"
examples of standard precautions - CORRECT ANSWER - hand hygiene, PPE, resp.
hygiene and cough etiquette, sharps safety, safe injection practices, sterile instruments, and
clean/disinfected environmental surface
What is the chain of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER - infectious agent, reservoir,
portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
what are resident organisms? - CORRECT ANSWER - the normal flora of the body
do resident organisms cause illness to the body? - CORRECT ANSWER - no because
these are permanent bacteria that exist on the host's skin and inside the body
what 4 factors go into the potential of a disease developing? - CORRECT ANSWER - the
number of microorganisms
virulence of the microorganisms
ability to enter/survive the host
susceptibility of the host
,what is reservoir? - CORRECT ANSWER - a place where microorganisms survive,
multiply, and await transfer
examples of reservoirs for pathogens? - CORRECT ANSWER - humans, animals, infects,
food, surfaces
examples of environmental factors that effect the survival of an organism? - CORRECT
ANSWER - food, oxygen, water, temperature, pH, and light
what is the "portal of entrance/exit" in the chain of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER -
where the microorganism enters or exits the hosts body
examples of portals of entrance/exit in the chain of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER -
blood, skin, mucous membranes, GI, GU, transplacental
what is the most common mode of transportation for pathogens? - CORRECT ANSWER -
hands and medical equipment
what are 6 modes of transportation in the chain of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER -
direct contact
indirect contact
droplets
airborne
vehicles
vectors
what are the 4 steps of the infectious process? - CORRECT ANSWER - incubation
prodromal stage
illness stage
, convalescence
what occurs during the incubation period of the infectious process? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the time between exposure to first symptoms - varies per disease
what occurs during the prodromal stage of the infectious process? - CORRECT
ANSWER - interval from the start of nonspecific symptoms to progression of more
specific symptoms
what occurs during the illness stage of the infectious process? - CORRECT ANSWER -
interval when patient has specific signs and symptoms of disease
what occurs during the convalescence period of the infectious process? - CORRECT
ANSWER - interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear
where do local infections occur - CORRECT ANSWER - one area of the body
where do systemic infections occur - CORRECT ANSWER - entire body, can be very
serious
what can disrupt the balance between good and bad bacteria, leading to a superinfection? -
CORRECT ANSWER - antibiotics
what is the first line of defense against harmful bacteria and pathogens? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the skin barrier
what occurs as a cellular response of the body to injury and infection - CORRECT
ANSWER - inflammation
inflammation draws what to the site of a injrury? - CORRECT ANSWER - blood, fluid,
and nutrients
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
examples of pathogens - CORRECT ANSWER - bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions
what is virulence - CORRECT ANSWER - the ability of a pathogen to invade and injure a
host
what are standard precautions - CORRECT ANSWER - They are used during every
patient interaction. Often described as "acting like every patient has a disease that can be easily
transmitted to the HCP"
examples of standard precautions - CORRECT ANSWER - hand hygiene, PPE, resp.
hygiene and cough etiquette, sharps safety, safe injection practices, sterile instruments, and
clean/disinfected environmental surface
What is the chain of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER - infectious agent, reservoir,
portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
what are resident organisms? - CORRECT ANSWER - the normal flora of the body
do resident organisms cause illness to the body? - CORRECT ANSWER - no because
these are permanent bacteria that exist on the host's skin and inside the body
what 4 factors go into the potential of a disease developing? - CORRECT ANSWER - the
number of microorganisms
virulence of the microorganisms
ability to enter/survive the host
susceptibility of the host
,what is reservoir? - CORRECT ANSWER - a place where microorganisms survive,
multiply, and await transfer
examples of reservoirs for pathogens? - CORRECT ANSWER - humans, animals, infects,
food, surfaces
examples of environmental factors that effect the survival of an organism? - CORRECT
ANSWER - food, oxygen, water, temperature, pH, and light
what is the "portal of entrance/exit" in the chain of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER -
where the microorganism enters or exits the hosts body
examples of portals of entrance/exit in the chain of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER -
blood, skin, mucous membranes, GI, GU, transplacental
what is the most common mode of transportation for pathogens? - CORRECT ANSWER -
hands and medical equipment
what are 6 modes of transportation in the chain of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER -
direct contact
indirect contact
droplets
airborne
vehicles
vectors
what are the 4 steps of the infectious process? - CORRECT ANSWER - incubation
prodromal stage
illness stage
, convalescence
what occurs during the incubation period of the infectious process? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the time between exposure to first symptoms - varies per disease
what occurs during the prodromal stage of the infectious process? - CORRECT
ANSWER - interval from the start of nonspecific symptoms to progression of more
specific symptoms
what occurs during the illness stage of the infectious process? - CORRECT ANSWER -
interval when patient has specific signs and symptoms of disease
what occurs during the convalescence period of the infectious process? - CORRECT
ANSWER - interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear
where do local infections occur - CORRECT ANSWER - one area of the body
where do systemic infections occur - CORRECT ANSWER - entire body, can be very
serious
what can disrupt the balance between good and bad bacteria, leading to a superinfection? -
CORRECT ANSWER - antibiotics
what is the first line of defense against harmful bacteria and pathogens? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the skin barrier
what occurs as a cellular response of the body to injury and infection - CORRECT
ANSWER - inflammation
inflammation draws what to the site of a injrury? - CORRECT ANSWER - blood, fluid,
and nutrients
