,OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
OpenStax Introduction to Computer
Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
Review Questions
Multiple Choice
1. Information science is an interdisciplinary field studying information technologies and
systems as they relate to __________.
A. people, organizations, and networks
B. organizations, networks, and societies
C. people, organizations, and societies *
D. people, networks, and societies
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
2. The demand for data scientists is becoming increasingly important as more and more
research and business contexts involve analyzing __________, or very large datasets that
are not easily processed using spreadsheets.
A. big data *
B. infinite data
C. super data sets
D. databases of databases
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Difficult
Bloom’s: Understand
3. What subset of artificial intelligence relies on algorithms and data to make it possible for
artificial intelligence to learn by mimicking how humans learn?
A. image processing
B. machine intelligence
C. human machine processing
D. machine learning *
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
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12/13/2024 2
,OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
4. __________ refers to applying computing concepts and technologies to advance scientific
research and practical applications of science knowledge.
A. Data science
B. Natural science
C. Computational science *
D. Theoretical science
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
5. You write a new software program that applies cutting-edge methods to solve a problem.
The program you created is an example of __________.
A. discovery
B. invention *
C. innovation
D. new theorem
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Difficult
Bloom’s: Analyze
6. What subfield of computer science emphasizes how problems can be solved with
computers as well as the practices and processes that can help people design more
effective software solutions?
A. computer engineering
B. information sciences
C. data sciences
D. software engineering *
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
7. Memory in the ENIAC was implemented by __________.
A. transistors
B. vacuum tubes *
C. quantum qubits
D. wireless signals
LO: 01.1.1
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
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,OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
8. What subfield of computer science emphasizes the social aspects of computation?
A. artificial intelligence
B. human factors engineering
C. human-computer interaction *
D. human thinking and theory
LO: 01.1.1
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
9. A computer program is the implementation of __________.
A. software
B. mathematics
C. algorithms *
D. theories
LO: 01.1.2
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
10. What term is defined as “AI algorithm architecture that emphasizes connections between
artificial ‘neurons’ whose behavior and values change in response to stimulus or input”?
A. machine learning
B. image processing
C. human intelligence analysis
D. neural network *
LO: 01.3.1
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
11. What piece of hardware is deemed the computer’s brain?
A. memory
B. processor *
C. storage
D. network
LO: 01.3.1
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Remember
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12/13/2024 4
,OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
12. You use artificial intelligence to develop a new model that finds a completely new
phenomenon in physics. The new model is an example of __________.
A. discovery *
B. invention
C. innovation
D. human-computing output
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Difficult
Bloom’s: Analyze
13. In a self-driving car, the ability to recognize that a traffic light has turned from green to
yellow and then from yellow to red is an example of __________.
A. human intelligence
B. image processing *
C. networking applications
D. computational invention
LO: 01.3.1
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Remember
14. Which of the following is a subfield of computer systems?
A. theory of computation
B. information representation
C. distributed computing *
D. software engineering
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Remember
15. What field of computer science focuses on the mathematical processes behind software?
A. artificial intelligence
B. machine learning
C. theoretical computer science *
D. applied computer science
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
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5 12/13/2024
,OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
True/False
16. True or false? By contributing tools and resources to handle tasks and improve operations,
computer science enables many other fields and areas of research and development.
Answer: True
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
17. True or false? Artificial intelligence is not a field in computer science; it is a field in
psychology, as it involves human-like thinking and learning
Answer: False. While AI involves mimicking aspects of human cognition, it is fundamentally
rooted in algorithms, programming, and computational techniques. Psychology may contribute
insights into human cognition and behavior that inform AI development, but AI itself is not
classified as a field of psychology.
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Difficult
Bloom’s: Understand
18. True or false? Artificial intelligence was used heavily during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak to
assist in mass production of vaccines.
Answer: True
LO: 01.3.3
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
19. True or false? All new advancements in technology are always positive and never have
negative consequences.
Answer: False. While new advancements in technology often bring benefits such as improved
efficiency, connectivity, and innovation, they can also have negative consequences. For
example, technological advancements can lead to ethical concerns (e.g., privacy violations with
surveillance technology), environmental harm (e.g., e-waste), social issues (e.g., digital
addiction or misinformation), and job displacement due to automation.
LO: 01.3.3
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
20. True or false? The ENIAC was the first recognized computer.
Answer: False. It was the first general computer, meaning it could run more than one program.
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12/13/2024 6
,OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
LO: 01.1.1
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
Identification
For questions 21–25, use the following choices.
A. data science
B. information science
C. technological fix
D. software engineering
E. social determination of technology
21. The idea that technologies can solve social problems, but now often used to critique blind
faith in technological solutions to human problems
Answer: C. technological fix
LO: 01.3.3
Difficulty: Difficult
Bloom’s: Understand
22. The belief that technologies are inherently neutral and that it is the people who use a
technology who ultimately make it “good” or “bad”
Answer: E. social determination of technology
LO: 01.3.3
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
23. Interdisciplinary field studying information technologies and systems as they relate to
people, organizations, and societies
Answer: B. information science
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
24. Subfield of computer science that emphasizes how problems can be solved with computers,
as well as the practices and processes that can help people design more effective software
solutions
Answer: D. software engineering
LO: 01.2.3
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7 12/13/2024
,OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
25. Interdisciplinary field that applies computing toward managing data and extracting
information from data
Answer: A. data science
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
Fill in the Blank
26. To ensure that treatments were safe and effective during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, clinical
trials were held at disease transmission “hot spots” predicted using __________ methods
that drew on data aggregated and monitored from across the world.
Answer: data science
LO: 01.3.3
Difficulty: Difficult
Bloom’s: Understand
27. Purposefully injecting inaccurate or bad data as an input into a system to cause the system
to crash is an example of a(n) __________.
Answer: adversarial attack
LO: 01.3.2
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
28. A system that can learn to recognize similar patterns that appear across millions or billions
of sample images is an example of a(n) __________.
Answer: neural network
LO: 01.3.1
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
29. __________ design, analyze, and evaluate computational structures, systems, and
processes.
Answer: Computer scientists
LO: 01.2.1
Difficulty: Easy
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12/13/2024 8
,OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
Bloom’s: Understand
30. Advancements in natural sciences are recognized as discoveries, while advancements in
__________ are considered inventions.
Answer: engineering
LO: 01.2.1
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
Short Answer Questions
31. What was the first recognized computing device, and how did it allow arithmetic operations
to be performed?
Sample Answer: The abacus was the first calculator, which is a type of computing device. It used
beads that could be pushed along a rod to represent numbers and then manipulated to
perform arithmetic operations.
LO: 01.1.1
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
32. What was the first general-purpose computer, and why was it considered the first?
Sample Answer: The ENIAC is notable in computer history because it was the first general-
purpose computer, meaning that it could run not just a single program but rather any program
specified by a programmer.
LO: 01.1.1
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
33. What is an algorithm?
Sample Answer: An algorithm is a sequence of precise instructions that enables computing.
LO: 01.1.2
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
34. What is a neural network?
Sample Answer: A neural network is an AI algorithm architecture that emphasizes connections
between artificial nerve cells whose behavior and values change in response to a stimulus or
input.
LO: 01.1.2
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9 12/13/2024
, OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
Difficulty: Difficult
Bloom’s: Understand
35. Explain what data science is.
Sample Answer: Data science is an interdisciplinary field that applies computing to the
problems of managing data and extracting information from data.
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
36. Identify at least eight subfields of computer science.
Sample Answers :
• Theoretical computer science
• Theory of computation
• Information representation
• Data structures and algorithms
• Programming language and formal methods
• Computer systems
• Architecture
• Artificial intelligence
• Networks
• Security
• Databases
• Distributed computing
• Graphics
• Applied computer science
• Scientific computing
• Human-computer interaction
• Software engineering
LO: 01.2.4
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
Long Answer Questions
37. Provide and explain an example of a negative consequence of technology.
Sample Answer: An adversarial attack is when a sample input is purposefully injected into a
system to cause problems. Specifically in neural networks, existing images can be altered, or
new images can be used to trick the image-recognition algorithms into acting in unknown ways.
In systems such as self-driving cars, the safety risk to passengers in the car, passengers in other
cars, and pedestrians nearby is extremely high.
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
12/13/2024 10
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
OpenStax Introduction to Computer
Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
Review Questions
Multiple Choice
1. Information science is an interdisciplinary field studying information technologies and
systems as they relate to __________.
A. people, organizations, and networks
B. organizations, networks, and societies
C. people, organizations, and societies *
D. people, networks, and societies
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
2. The demand for data scientists is becoming increasingly important as more and more
research and business contexts involve analyzing __________, or very large datasets that
are not easily processed using spreadsheets.
A. big data *
B. infinite data
C. super data sets
D. databases of databases
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Difficult
Bloom’s: Understand
3. What subset of artificial intelligence relies on algorithms and data to make it possible for
artificial intelligence to learn by mimicking how humans learn?
A. image processing
B. machine intelligence
C. human machine processing
D. machine learning *
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
12/13/2024 2
,OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
4. __________ refers to applying computing concepts and technologies to advance scientific
research and practical applications of science knowledge.
A. Data science
B. Natural science
C. Computational science *
D. Theoretical science
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
5. You write a new software program that applies cutting-edge methods to solve a problem.
The program you created is an example of __________.
A. discovery
B. invention *
C. innovation
D. new theorem
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Difficult
Bloom’s: Analyze
6. What subfield of computer science emphasizes how problems can be solved with
computers as well as the practices and processes that can help people design more
effective software solutions?
A. computer engineering
B. information sciences
C. data sciences
D. software engineering *
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
7. Memory in the ENIAC was implemented by __________.
A. transistors
B. vacuum tubes *
C. quantum qubits
D. wireless signals
LO: 01.1.1
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
3 12/13/2024
,OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
8. What subfield of computer science emphasizes the social aspects of computation?
A. artificial intelligence
B. human factors engineering
C. human-computer interaction *
D. human thinking and theory
LO: 01.1.1
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
9. A computer program is the implementation of __________.
A. software
B. mathematics
C. algorithms *
D. theories
LO: 01.1.2
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
10. What term is defined as “AI algorithm architecture that emphasizes connections between
artificial ‘neurons’ whose behavior and values change in response to stimulus or input”?
A. machine learning
B. image processing
C. human intelligence analysis
D. neural network *
LO: 01.3.1
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
11. What piece of hardware is deemed the computer’s brain?
A. memory
B. processor *
C. storage
D. network
LO: 01.3.1
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Remember
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
12/13/2024 4
,OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
12. You use artificial intelligence to develop a new model that finds a completely new
phenomenon in physics. The new model is an example of __________.
A. discovery *
B. invention
C. innovation
D. human-computing output
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Difficult
Bloom’s: Analyze
13. In a self-driving car, the ability to recognize that a traffic light has turned from green to
yellow and then from yellow to red is an example of __________.
A. human intelligence
B. image processing *
C. networking applications
D. computational invention
LO: 01.3.1
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Remember
14. Which of the following is a subfield of computer systems?
A. theory of computation
B. information representation
C. distributed computing *
D. software engineering
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Remember
15. What field of computer science focuses on the mathematical processes behind software?
A. artificial intelligence
B. machine learning
C. theoretical computer science *
D. applied computer science
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
5 12/13/2024
,OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
True/False
16. True or false? By contributing tools and resources to handle tasks and improve operations,
computer science enables many other fields and areas of research and development.
Answer: True
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
17. True or false? Artificial intelligence is not a field in computer science; it is a field in
psychology, as it involves human-like thinking and learning
Answer: False. While AI involves mimicking aspects of human cognition, it is fundamentally
rooted in algorithms, programming, and computational techniques. Psychology may contribute
insights into human cognition and behavior that inform AI development, but AI itself is not
classified as a field of psychology.
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Difficult
Bloom’s: Understand
18. True or false? Artificial intelligence was used heavily during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak to
assist in mass production of vaccines.
Answer: True
LO: 01.3.3
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
19. True or false? All new advancements in technology are always positive and never have
negative consequences.
Answer: False. While new advancements in technology often bring benefits such as improved
efficiency, connectivity, and innovation, they can also have negative consequences. For
example, technological advancements can lead to ethical concerns (e.g., privacy violations with
surveillance technology), environmental harm (e.g., e-waste), social issues (e.g., digital
addiction or misinformation), and job displacement due to automation.
LO: 01.3.3
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
20. True or false? The ENIAC was the first recognized computer.
Answer: False. It was the first general computer, meaning it could run more than one program.
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
12/13/2024 6
,OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
LO: 01.1.1
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
Identification
For questions 21–25, use the following choices.
A. data science
B. information science
C. technological fix
D. software engineering
E. social determination of technology
21. The idea that technologies can solve social problems, but now often used to critique blind
faith in technological solutions to human problems
Answer: C. technological fix
LO: 01.3.3
Difficulty: Difficult
Bloom’s: Understand
22. The belief that technologies are inherently neutral and that it is the people who use a
technology who ultimately make it “good” or “bad”
Answer: E. social determination of technology
LO: 01.3.3
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
23. Interdisciplinary field studying information technologies and systems as they relate to
people, organizations, and societies
Answer: B. information science
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
24. Subfield of computer science that emphasizes how problems can be solved with computers,
as well as the practices and processes that can help people design more effective software
solutions
Answer: D. software engineering
LO: 01.2.3
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
7 12/13/2024
,OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
25. Interdisciplinary field that applies computing toward managing data and extracting
information from data
Answer: A. data science
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
Fill in the Blank
26. To ensure that treatments were safe and effective during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, clinical
trials were held at disease transmission “hot spots” predicted using __________ methods
that drew on data aggregated and monitored from across the world.
Answer: data science
LO: 01.3.3
Difficulty: Difficult
Bloom’s: Understand
27. Purposefully injecting inaccurate or bad data as an input into a system to cause the system
to crash is an example of a(n) __________.
Answer: adversarial attack
LO: 01.3.2
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
28. A system that can learn to recognize similar patterns that appear across millions or billions
of sample images is an example of a(n) __________.
Answer: neural network
LO: 01.3.1
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
29. __________ design, analyze, and evaluate computational structures, systems, and
processes.
Answer: Computer scientists
LO: 01.2.1
Difficulty: Easy
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
12/13/2024 8
,OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
Bloom’s: Understand
30. Advancements in natural sciences are recognized as discoveries, while advancements in
__________ are considered inventions.
Answer: engineering
LO: 01.2.1
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
Short Answer Questions
31. What was the first recognized computing device, and how did it allow arithmetic operations
to be performed?
Sample Answer: The abacus was the first calculator, which is a type of computing device. It used
beads that could be pushed along a rod to represent numbers and then manipulated to
perform arithmetic operations.
LO: 01.1.1
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
32. What was the first general-purpose computer, and why was it considered the first?
Sample Answer: The ENIAC is notable in computer history because it was the first general-
purpose computer, meaning that it could run not just a single program but rather any program
specified by a programmer.
LO: 01.1.1
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s: Understand
33. What is an algorithm?
Sample Answer: An algorithm is a sequence of precise instructions that enables computing.
LO: 01.1.2
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
34. What is a neural network?
Sample Answer: A neural network is an AI algorithm architecture that emphasizes connections
between artificial nerve cells whose behavior and values change in response to a stimulus or
input.
LO: 01.1.2
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
9 12/13/2024
, OpenStax Introduction to Computer Science Test Bank
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Science
Difficulty: Difficult
Bloom’s: Understand
35. Explain what data science is.
Sample Answer: Data science is an interdisciplinary field that applies computing to the
problems of managing data and extracting information from data.
LO: 01.2.3
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
36. Identify at least eight subfields of computer science.
Sample Answers :
• Theoretical computer science
• Theory of computation
• Information representation
• Data structures and algorithms
• Programming language and formal methods
• Computer systems
• Architecture
• Artificial intelligence
• Networks
• Security
• Databases
• Distributed computing
• Graphics
• Applied computer science
• Scientific computing
• Human-computer interaction
• Software engineering
LO: 01.2.4
Difficulty: Easy
Bloom’s: Understand
Long Answer Questions
37. Provide and explain an example of a negative consequence of technology.
Sample Answer: An adversarial attack is when a sample input is purposefully injected into a
system to cause problems. Specifically in neural networks, existing images can be altered, or
new images can be used to trick the image-recognition algorithms into acting in unknown ways.
In systems such as self-driving cars, the safety risk to passengers in the car, passengers in other
cars, and pedestrians nearby is extremely high.
For more free, peer-reviewed, openly licensed resources visit OpenStax.org.
12/13/2024 10
