REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
→Meaning:
Narrow perspective- healthy reproductive organs with normal functions.
Broader perspective-includes the emotional and social aspects of reproduction.
→According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), total well-being in all aspects of
reproduction, i.e., physical, emotional, behavioural and social.
→Reproductively healthy society-a society with people having- *physically and functionally
normal reproductive organs.
*normal emotional and behavioural interactions among them in all sex-related aspects.
→Social goal- to attain total reproductive health.
India was amongst the first countries in the world to initiate action plans and programmes at a national
level.
→Programmes- ‘family planning’ programme in 1951, was periodically assessed over the past decades.
‘Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programmes’, Improved programmes covering
wider reproduction-related areas.
PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES
→Major tasks / functions- a) Creating awareness among people about various reproduction related
aspects.
b) Providing facilities and support- for building up a reproductively healthy society.
a) Creating awareness among people about various reproduction related aspects.
Aspects- problems due to uncontrolled population growth, social evils like sex-abuse and sex-related
crimes, etc.,
Solutions
*Educating fertile couples and those in marriageable age group- about available birth control options
*Care of pregnant mothers
*Post-natal care of the mother and child
*Importance of breast feeding
*Equal opportunities for the male and the female child, etc.,
Supporting aid/ people- audio-visual and the print-media
governmental and non-governmental agencies.
Parents, other close relatives, teachers and friends.
Importance- bringing up socially conscious healthy families of desired size.
build up a socially responsible and healthy society.
b) Providing facilities and support- for building up a reproductively healthy society.
Successful implementation of various action plans to attain reproductive health requires
* strong infrastructural facilities
*professional expertise
*material support.
, Importance- Implementation of better techniques and new strategies from time to time provide more
effective medical assistance and care to people in reproduction-related problems like pregnancy,
delivery, STDs, abortions, contraception, menstrual problems, infertility, etc.
Techniques and new strategies-* Statutory ban on amniocentesis for sex-determination to legally check
increasing menace of female foeticides. In amniocentesis some of the amniotic fluid of the developing
foetus is taken to analyse the fetal cells and dissolved substances.
This procedure is used to test for the presence of certain genetic disorders such as, down syndrome,
haemoplilia, sickle-cell anemia, etc., determine the survivability of the foetus.
*Massive child immunization etc.,
* Research on various reproduction-related areas are encouraged and supported by governmental and
non-governmental agencies- ‘Saheli’–a new oral contraceptive for the females–was developed by
scientists at Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow.
→Introduction of sex education in schools- should be encouraged
*to provide right information to the young
*to discourage children from believing in myths and having misconceptions about sex-
related aspects
*Proper information about reproductive organs, adolescence and related changes
*safe and hygienic sexual practices
*sexually transmitted diseases (STD), AIDS, etc.,
Importance-help adolescent age group individuals to lead a reproductively healthy life.
→Indications of improved reproductive health of the society-
*Better awareness about sex related matters
*Increased number of medically assisted deliveries and better post-natal care leading to decreased
maternal and infant mortality rates
*Increased number of couples with small families
*Better detection and cure of STDs
*Increased medical facilities for all sex-related problems
POPULATION STABILISATION AND BIRTH CONTROL
World population ~ 2 billion (2000 million) in 1900
~6 billion by 2000
7.2 billion in 2011
Population in India approximately 350 million at the time of our independence
~1 billion mark by 2000
Crossed 1.2 billion in May 2011
According to the 2011 census report, the population growth rate was ~2 per cent, i.e.,
20/1000/year, an alarming growth rate.
Reasons for population explosion-
*All-round development in various fields significantly improved the quality of life of the people
*Increased health facilities along with better living conditions
→Meaning:
Narrow perspective- healthy reproductive organs with normal functions.
Broader perspective-includes the emotional and social aspects of reproduction.
→According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), total well-being in all aspects of
reproduction, i.e., physical, emotional, behavioural and social.
→Reproductively healthy society-a society with people having- *physically and functionally
normal reproductive organs.
*normal emotional and behavioural interactions among them in all sex-related aspects.
→Social goal- to attain total reproductive health.
India was amongst the first countries in the world to initiate action plans and programmes at a national
level.
→Programmes- ‘family planning’ programme in 1951, was periodically assessed over the past decades.
‘Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programmes’, Improved programmes covering
wider reproduction-related areas.
PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES
→Major tasks / functions- a) Creating awareness among people about various reproduction related
aspects.
b) Providing facilities and support- for building up a reproductively healthy society.
a) Creating awareness among people about various reproduction related aspects.
Aspects- problems due to uncontrolled population growth, social evils like sex-abuse and sex-related
crimes, etc.,
Solutions
*Educating fertile couples and those in marriageable age group- about available birth control options
*Care of pregnant mothers
*Post-natal care of the mother and child
*Importance of breast feeding
*Equal opportunities for the male and the female child, etc.,
Supporting aid/ people- audio-visual and the print-media
governmental and non-governmental agencies.
Parents, other close relatives, teachers and friends.
Importance- bringing up socially conscious healthy families of desired size.
build up a socially responsible and healthy society.
b) Providing facilities and support- for building up a reproductively healthy society.
Successful implementation of various action plans to attain reproductive health requires
* strong infrastructural facilities
*professional expertise
*material support.
, Importance- Implementation of better techniques and new strategies from time to time provide more
effective medical assistance and care to people in reproduction-related problems like pregnancy,
delivery, STDs, abortions, contraception, menstrual problems, infertility, etc.
Techniques and new strategies-* Statutory ban on amniocentesis for sex-determination to legally check
increasing menace of female foeticides. In amniocentesis some of the amniotic fluid of the developing
foetus is taken to analyse the fetal cells and dissolved substances.
This procedure is used to test for the presence of certain genetic disorders such as, down syndrome,
haemoplilia, sickle-cell anemia, etc., determine the survivability of the foetus.
*Massive child immunization etc.,
* Research on various reproduction-related areas are encouraged and supported by governmental and
non-governmental agencies- ‘Saheli’–a new oral contraceptive for the females–was developed by
scientists at Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow.
→Introduction of sex education in schools- should be encouraged
*to provide right information to the young
*to discourage children from believing in myths and having misconceptions about sex-
related aspects
*Proper information about reproductive organs, adolescence and related changes
*safe and hygienic sexual practices
*sexually transmitted diseases (STD), AIDS, etc.,
Importance-help adolescent age group individuals to lead a reproductively healthy life.
→Indications of improved reproductive health of the society-
*Better awareness about sex related matters
*Increased number of medically assisted deliveries and better post-natal care leading to decreased
maternal and infant mortality rates
*Increased number of couples with small families
*Better detection and cure of STDs
*Increased medical facilities for all sex-related problems
POPULATION STABILISATION AND BIRTH CONTROL
World population ~ 2 billion (2000 million) in 1900
~6 billion by 2000
7.2 billion in 2011
Population in India approximately 350 million at the time of our independence
~1 billion mark by 2000
Crossed 1.2 billion in May 2011
According to the 2011 census report, the population growth rate was ~2 per cent, i.e.,
20/1000/year, an alarming growth rate.
Reasons for population explosion-
*All-round development in various fields significantly improved the quality of life of the people
*Increased health facilities along with better living conditions
