POLS 206 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
a policy of creating opportunities for members of certain groups as a substantive remedy
for past discrimination
affirmative action
a series of laws in the post-Civil War South designed to restrict the rights of formerly
enslaved people before the passage of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments
Black codes
the refusal to buy certain goods or services as a way to protest policy or force political
reform
boycott
achieving racial balance by transporting students to schools across neighborhood
boundaries
busing
citizenship rights guaranteed to the people (primarily in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth,
Fifteenth, Nineteenth, and Twenty-Sixth Amendments) and protected by the government
civil rights
discrimination that is the result not of law but rather of tradition and habit
de facto discrimination
discrimination that arises from or is supported by the law
de jure discrimination
efforts to make English the official language of the United States
English-only movements
,a constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned
discrimination on the basis of gender
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
provisions exempting from voting restrictions the descendants of those able to vote in 1867
grandfather clauses
a standard of review used by the Supreme Court to evaluate laws that make a quasi-
suspect classification
intermediate standard of review
the interdependent discrimination and oppression that result when an individual is a
member of more than one oppressed or minority group
intersectionality
Southern laws designed to circumvent the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth
Amendments and to deny Black people rights on bases other than race
Jim Crow laws
tests requiring reading or comprehension skills as a qualification for voting
literacy tests
a standard of review used by the Supreme Court to evaluate laws that make a nonsuspect
classification
minimum rationality test
An interest group founded in 1910 to promote civil rights for African Americans
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
taxes levied as a qualification for voting
poll taxes
institutionalized power inequalities in society based on the perception of racial differences
, racism
The period following the Civil War during which the federal government took action to
rebuild the South
Reconstruction
The practice and policy of separating races
segregation
Unwelcome sexual speech or behavior that creates a hostile work environment
sexual harassment
a heightened standard of review used by the Supreme Court to assess the constitutionality
of laws that limit some freedoms or that make a suspect classification
strict scrutiny
a classification, such as race, for which any discriminatory law must be justified by a
compelling state interest
suspect classification
gay
the constitutional obligation that the Senate approve certain executive appointments
advice and consent
congressional work to secure projects, services, and funds for the represented district
allocative representation
a legislature with two chambers
bicameral legislature
legislative work on behalf of individual constituents to solve their problems with
government agencies and programs
casework
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
a policy of creating opportunities for members of certain groups as a substantive remedy
for past discrimination
affirmative action
a series of laws in the post-Civil War South designed to restrict the rights of formerly
enslaved people before the passage of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments
Black codes
the refusal to buy certain goods or services as a way to protest policy or force political
reform
boycott
achieving racial balance by transporting students to schools across neighborhood
boundaries
busing
citizenship rights guaranteed to the people (primarily in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth,
Fifteenth, Nineteenth, and Twenty-Sixth Amendments) and protected by the government
civil rights
discrimination that is the result not of law but rather of tradition and habit
de facto discrimination
discrimination that arises from or is supported by the law
de jure discrimination
efforts to make English the official language of the United States
English-only movements
,a constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned
discrimination on the basis of gender
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
provisions exempting from voting restrictions the descendants of those able to vote in 1867
grandfather clauses
a standard of review used by the Supreme Court to evaluate laws that make a quasi-
suspect classification
intermediate standard of review
the interdependent discrimination and oppression that result when an individual is a
member of more than one oppressed or minority group
intersectionality
Southern laws designed to circumvent the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth
Amendments and to deny Black people rights on bases other than race
Jim Crow laws
tests requiring reading or comprehension skills as a qualification for voting
literacy tests
a standard of review used by the Supreme Court to evaluate laws that make a nonsuspect
classification
minimum rationality test
An interest group founded in 1910 to promote civil rights for African Americans
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
taxes levied as a qualification for voting
poll taxes
institutionalized power inequalities in society based on the perception of racial differences
, racism
The period following the Civil War during which the federal government took action to
rebuild the South
Reconstruction
The practice and policy of separating races
segregation
Unwelcome sexual speech or behavior that creates a hostile work environment
sexual harassment
a heightened standard of review used by the Supreme Court to assess the constitutionality
of laws that limit some freedoms or that make a suspect classification
strict scrutiny
a classification, such as race, for which any discriminatory law must be justified by a
compelling state interest
suspect classification
gay
the constitutional obligation that the Senate approve certain executive appointments
advice and consent
congressional work to secure projects, services, and funds for the represented district
allocative representation
a legislature with two chambers
bicameral legislature
legislative work on behalf of individual constituents to solve their problems with
government agencies and programs
casework
