PALS - practical skills and knowledge
Exam Questions with correct Answers
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What is the MCC of cardiac arrest in the pediatric patient? What is the second MCC?
What are the four most common pediatric arrhythmias?
Of these, which is the MC arrhythmia in children? - ANS-1st - respiratory failure
2nd - hypotensive shock
1. Sinus bradycardia
2. AV block
3. Sinus tachycardia
4. SVT
SVT is the MC
What is the most serious cause of sinus bradycardia in children? - ANS-Severe hypoxia
What are two vagal maneuvers that can be used to treat SVT in the pediatric patient?
What should be performed before and after the maneuver?
If the child is in SVT and is unstable, should other measures be delayed in order to perform the
vagal maneuvers? - ANS-1. Putting a bag of cold ice on the child's forehead
2. Having the child blow through a straw
12 lead ECG
No
What medication is the MC for SVT?
What is the MOA of adenosine?
What are two reasons for adenosine cardioversion failure? - ANS-Adenosine
, Slows the conduction through the AV node
1. Drug is delivered to slowly
2. Drug is not administered with 5-10 mL NS
What will happen if the mechanical cardioversion is not synchronized and the shock is delivered
on the T-wave, or is administered with too high of voltage? - ANS-It will cause VT
If the pediatric patient is hemodynamically unstable, should vascular access and sedation be
delayed for the mechanical cardioversion? - ANS-Yes
When performing mechanical cardioversion, how do it is known that synchronization of the
defibrillator has taken place? - ANS-There will be marks above each of the R waves
What is the initial energy dose for synchronized cardioversion?
If more shocks are needed, what is the new dosage? - ANS-0.5-1.0 J/kg
2 J/kg
What are some of the reversible causes of cardiac arrest? What are the Hs and Ts? - ANS-1.
Hypoxia
2. Hypoglycemia
3. Hypovolemia
4. Hypothermia
5. Hypokalemia
6. Hyperkalemia
7. Hydrogen ions (acidosis)
1. Tension PTX
2. Tamponade (cardiac)
3. Toxins
4. Thrombosis (cardiac)
5. Thrombosis (pulmonary)
What are the two key differences between cardioversion and defibrillation? - ANS-1. There is
no need to use the sync feature
2. Energy levels for defibrillation are higher than cardioverson
What are the respective energy doses for the initial, second, and subsequent shocks that are
given through the defibrillator? - ANS-Initial - 2-4J/kg
Second - 4J/kg
Subequent - 4-10J/kg
Exam Questions with correct Answers
2025/2026 A+ Graded 100% Verified
What is the MCC of cardiac arrest in the pediatric patient? What is the second MCC?
What are the four most common pediatric arrhythmias?
Of these, which is the MC arrhythmia in children? - ANS-1st - respiratory failure
2nd - hypotensive shock
1. Sinus bradycardia
2. AV block
3. Sinus tachycardia
4. SVT
SVT is the MC
What is the most serious cause of sinus bradycardia in children? - ANS-Severe hypoxia
What are two vagal maneuvers that can be used to treat SVT in the pediatric patient?
What should be performed before and after the maneuver?
If the child is in SVT and is unstable, should other measures be delayed in order to perform the
vagal maneuvers? - ANS-1. Putting a bag of cold ice on the child's forehead
2. Having the child blow through a straw
12 lead ECG
No
What medication is the MC for SVT?
What is the MOA of adenosine?
What are two reasons for adenosine cardioversion failure? - ANS-Adenosine
, Slows the conduction through the AV node
1. Drug is delivered to slowly
2. Drug is not administered with 5-10 mL NS
What will happen if the mechanical cardioversion is not synchronized and the shock is delivered
on the T-wave, or is administered with too high of voltage? - ANS-It will cause VT
If the pediatric patient is hemodynamically unstable, should vascular access and sedation be
delayed for the mechanical cardioversion? - ANS-Yes
When performing mechanical cardioversion, how do it is known that synchronization of the
defibrillator has taken place? - ANS-There will be marks above each of the R waves
What is the initial energy dose for synchronized cardioversion?
If more shocks are needed, what is the new dosage? - ANS-0.5-1.0 J/kg
2 J/kg
What are some of the reversible causes of cardiac arrest? What are the Hs and Ts? - ANS-1.
Hypoxia
2. Hypoglycemia
3. Hypovolemia
4. Hypothermia
5. Hypokalemia
6. Hyperkalemia
7. Hydrogen ions (acidosis)
1. Tension PTX
2. Tamponade (cardiac)
3. Toxins
4. Thrombosis (cardiac)
5. Thrombosis (pulmonary)
What are the two key differences between cardioversion and defibrillation? - ANS-1. There is
no need to use the sync feature
2. Energy levels for defibrillation are higher than cardioverson
What are the respective energy doses for the initial, second, and subsequent shocks that are
given through the defibrillator? - ANS-Initial - 2-4J/kg
Second - 4J/kg
Subequent - 4-10J/kg
