PSCI 2306 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Articles of Confederation - Answer -A weak constitution (economically and militarily)
that governed America during the Revolutionary War that was a partnership of states
- states more powerful than national govt
- no judiciary or executive
- prohibited congress from levying taxes, relied on states
- foreign invasion
Virginia Plan - Answer -(Large State Plan) Madison's plan that to separate the Judicial
and Executive branches, as well as two-chamber congress that would have supreme
authority in all areas "in which the separate states are incompetent" particularly defense
and interstate trade.
-apportionment
-reps based on state population
New Jersey Plan - Answer -(Small State Plan) Called for a stronger national
government than the Articles of Confederation. Would have the power to tax and
regulate commerce among the states. Articles would remain in effect.
-Based on state (2 reps from each) with a single vote
-argued for equal amount of reps
Connecticut Compromise - Answer -(Great Compromise)
Solves big state-little state debate over representation in the federal legislature at Philly
Convention. It created bicameral legislature with equal representation for states in
Senate and proportional representation in House (seats based on population).
- Madison against it
Great Compromise - Answer -(Connecticut Compromise)
The agreement of the constitutional convention to create a two-chamber Congress with
the House apportioned by population and the Senate apportioned equally by state
Federalists - Answer -a term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during the
debate of ratification. Controlled the government until 1801. Wanted strong nationalistic
government. living Constitution
Anti-Federalists - Answer -a term used to describe opponents of the Constitution during
the debate over ratification. Claimed national govt would be too powerful and would
threaten self-govt especially w/out a bill of rights(IX and X) to protect the people's rights
Angels (Fed #51) - Answer -Argues that separation of powers within the national
government is the best way to prevent the concentration of power in the hands of one
person or a single group.
- interior structure of government overlap to keep each other in line
- limited government
,James Madison - Answer -"Father of the Constitution". His proposals for an effective
government became the Virginia Plan, which was the basis for the Constitution. He was
responsible for drafting most of the language of the Constitution.
Denied Marbury his justice of the peace position, importation ban on slaves, federalist
papers, part of Democratic Republican party, against Connecticut Compromise
Diversity of Faculties - Answer -in federalist 10, james madison argues that every
society will have an unequal distribution of property due to natural human differences in
each individual that he calls
- faculties have different values
- Differing abilities of citizens, still equal before the law.
Faction - Answer -a group of any size that has political motive that is against the rights
of others
Federalism - Answer -A government system in which authority is divided between two
sovereign levels of government: federal/national and state/regional.
- not clear
Alexander Hamilton - Answer -1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He
advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal
government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.
Wrote the federalist papers to persuade states to ratify the new constitution
John Locke - Answer -17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right
of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.
wrote the Letter Concerning Toleration
Locke's Apple - Answer -Theory of property. When we put effort into an object or thing
it becomes ours.
Letter Concerning Toleration - Answer -Written by John Locke; declared that Christians
who persecute others in the name of religion are morally corrupt
- the business of church is sanction of souls, business of state is protecting people
under the law
Article I - Answer -Establishes the Legislative Branch of the federal government, the
United States Congress
- bicaeral legisalture, House of Representatives and Senate
- enumerated powers
Article I.2 (3/5 Compromise) - Answer -South wanted 100% representation 0% tax
, North wanted 0% representation 100% tax
The counting of slaves was that each slave was 3/5 of a person, that way southern
states wouldn't have more reps in the house if they were counted as entire people but
the North also got to tax them for the slaves.
Took 4 months of the convention
Article I.8 - Answer -ENUMERATED POWERS OF CONGRESS
- Collect Taxes,
- Borrow Money,
- To regulate Commerce,
- To establish Naturalization laws,
- To coin Money,
- To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting
- To establish Post Offices ,
- To create courts,
- To punish Piracies on the high Seas,
- To declare War,
- To raise and support Armies,
- To provide and maintain a Navy;
- To call forth the Militia,
- To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper
Reason Congress is listed first as Article I - Answer -most dangerous because it is
closest to the people
Article II - Answer -Establishes the Executive Branch and its powers
- powers of the president are vague
- caries out and enforces the federal laws
includes President, Vic. President, Cabinet, executive department, independent
agencies, other boards, commissions, and committees
Article III - Answer -Judicial Branch
- established the federal courts
- The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in
such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.
Bill of Rights - Answer -The first ten amendments to the Constitution
source of civil liberties
- Added AFTER the Constitutional Convention;
- guaranteed rights of individuals
- promised to anti-federalists to secure radification of Constitution, Hamiltion did not
want to add in due to fear that anything not stated would then be thought of as not
protected
Articles of Confederation - Answer -A weak constitution (economically and militarily)
that governed America during the Revolutionary War that was a partnership of states
- states more powerful than national govt
- no judiciary or executive
- prohibited congress from levying taxes, relied on states
- foreign invasion
Virginia Plan - Answer -(Large State Plan) Madison's plan that to separate the Judicial
and Executive branches, as well as two-chamber congress that would have supreme
authority in all areas "in which the separate states are incompetent" particularly defense
and interstate trade.
-apportionment
-reps based on state population
New Jersey Plan - Answer -(Small State Plan) Called for a stronger national
government than the Articles of Confederation. Would have the power to tax and
regulate commerce among the states. Articles would remain in effect.
-Based on state (2 reps from each) with a single vote
-argued for equal amount of reps
Connecticut Compromise - Answer -(Great Compromise)
Solves big state-little state debate over representation in the federal legislature at Philly
Convention. It created bicameral legislature with equal representation for states in
Senate and proportional representation in House (seats based on population).
- Madison against it
Great Compromise - Answer -(Connecticut Compromise)
The agreement of the constitutional convention to create a two-chamber Congress with
the House apportioned by population and the Senate apportioned equally by state
Federalists - Answer -a term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during the
debate of ratification. Controlled the government until 1801. Wanted strong nationalistic
government. living Constitution
Anti-Federalists - Answer -a term used to describe opponents of the Constitution during
the debate over ratification. Claimed national govt would be too powerful and would
threaten self-govt especially w/out a bill of rights(IX and X) to protect the people's rights
Angels (Fed #51) - Answer -Argues that separation of powers within the national
government is the best way to prevent the concentration of power in the hands of one
person or a single group.
- interior structure of government overlap to keep each other in line
- limited government
,James Madison - Answer -"Father of the Constitution". His proposals for an effective
government became the Virginia Plan, which was the basis for the Constitution. He was
responsible for drafting most of the language of the Constitution.
Denied Marbury his justice of the peace position, importation ban on slaves, federalist
papers, part of Democratic Republican party, against Connecticut Compromise
Diversity of Faculties - Answer -in federalist 10, james madison argues that every
society will have an unequal distribution of property due to natural human differences in
each individual that he calls
- faculties have different values
- Differing abilities of citizens, still equal before the law.
Faction - Answer -a group of any size that has political motive that is against the rights
of others
Federalism - Answer -A government system in which authority is divided between two
sovereign levels of government: federal/national and state/regional.
- not clear
Alexander Hamilton - Answer -1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He
advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal
government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.
Wrote the federalist papers to persuade states to ratify the new constitution
John Locke - Answer -17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right
of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.
wrote the Letter Concerning Toleration
Locke's Apple - Answer -Theory of property. When we put effort into an object or thing
it becomes ours.
Letter Concerning Toleration - Answer -Written by John Locke; declared that Christians
who persecute others in the name of religion are morally corrupt
- the business of church is sanction of souls, business of state is protecting people
under the law
Article I - Answer -Establishes the Legislative Branch of the federal government, the
United States Congress
- bicaeral legisalture, House of Representatives and Senate
- enumerated powers
Article I.2 (3/5 Compromise) - Answer -South wanted 100% representation 0% tax
, North wanted 0% representation 100% tax
The counting of slaves was that each slave was 3/5 of a person, that way southern
states wouldn't have more reps in the house if they were counted as entire people but
the North also got to tax them for the slaves.
Took 4 months of the convention
Article I.8 - Answer -ENUMERATED POWERS OF CONGRESS
- Collect Taxes,
- Borrow Money,
- To regulate Commerce,
- To establish Naturalization laws,
- To coin Money,
- To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting
- To establish Post Offices ,
- To create courts,
- To punish Piracies on the high Seas,
- To declare War,
- To raise and support Armies,
- To provide and maintain a Navy;
- To call forth the Militia,
- To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper
Reason Congress is listed first as Article I - Answer -most dangerous because it is
closest to the people
Article II - Answer -Establishes the Executive Branch and its powers
- powers of the president are vague
- caries out and enforces the federal laws
includes President, Vic. President, Cabinet, executive department, independent
agencies, other boards, commissions, and committees
Article III - Answer -Judicial Branch
- established the federal courts
- The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in
such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.
Bill of Rights - Answer -The first ten amendments to the Constitution
source of civil liberties
- Added AFTER the Constitutional Convention;
- guaranteed rights of individuals
- promised to anti-federalists to secure radification of Constitution, Hamiltion did not
want to add in due to fear that anything not stated would then be thought of as not
protected
