Unit 8B –
Parts of the Lymphatic system
Lymph Vessels
Lymph vessels are part of the lymphatic system they help maintain and balance
body fluids. They soak up fat from the digestive tract (a tube made from organs
that allows food to pass through the body is connected from the mouth to the
anal. The vessels provide immunity protection against pathogens and
microbes. Lymph vessels are structured as vases with thin walls and valves that
carry lymph, therefore being called lymph vessels. Their outer wall binds the
vessel with the tissue. They are lined with endothelial cells, these cells have
highly permeable membranes. The activity of skeletal muscles, breathing, and
smooth muscle contraction in vessel walls provide the pressure gradients
needed to flow lymph through the channels. Lymph vessels are connected to
the surrounding tissue by smooth muscles and a thin layer of adventitia which
is mostly made of collagen and holds the lymph vessels in place. Tiny lymphatic
veins gather and remove the interstitial fluid as it builds up, redistributing it
back into the circulation. The fluid that is in between becomes lymph as soon
as it gets into the lymph capillaries. It helps to maintain healthy blood pressure
and volume by preventing Edema and returning the fluid to the
blood circulation.
Lymphatic valves
Lymphatic valves are like veins, they have thin walls and prevent the backflow
of fluid, so it flows forward and not backward. The lymphatic system lacks a
pump similar to the circulatory system's heart. Pressure gradients that
transport lymph through veins are caused by skeletal muscle activity,
respiratory movement, and smooth muscle contraction in channel walls.
Lymphatic valves are formed of two semilunar leaflets produced by specialized
LECs linked to a central cell core.
Lymph Nodes
Lymph nodes resemble little structures resembling beans. Along the lymphatic
routes, they are widely dispersed throughout the body, filtering lymph before
it is returned to the bloodstream. The central system does not include them.
creates a capsule. There are 5 major lymph nodes cervical lymph nodes,
inguinal lymph nodes, axillary lymph nodes, mesenteric, and retroperitoneal.
, The bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign particles are filtered out and
ingested by macrophages( a type of white blood cell that ingests foreign
material found in places as the liver, spleen, and connective tissues. Dendritic
cells(antigen-presenting cells that process antigen material) in lymph nodes
seize antigenic substances circulating in the blood, lymph and give it to the
resident lymphocytes.
Cervical lymph Nodes:
Cervical Lymph nodes often cluster in three superficial areas. These regions are
the cervical nodes in the neck, the axillary nodes in the armpit, and the inguinal
nodes in the groin. Lymph Nodes are surrounded by connective tissue, which
lymph nodes are small glands in the neck that work with the immune system,
fighting infections by destroying germs and bacteria which are carried through
into the node by lymph fluid. These nodes can swell which most likely indicates
an infection.
Axillary nodes
The Axillary node is located in the armpit, its function is to drain and conduct
lymph. The Axillary nodes can be broken up p into 5 different collections the
Lateral, anterior (pectoral), posterior (subscapular), central, and apical groups.
These Lymph Nodes drain the whole upper limb, the breast, as well as the upper
part of the trunk. Venous blood flow and lymph flow are comparable. The heart
receives lymph flow from the periphery. The seven subscapular groups, which
filter lymph from the back and upper neck, are situated behind the shoulder
blades. The lymph is transported to the central node via vessels from these
nodes.
Supratrochlear nodes
The supratrochlear nodes are placed superficial(shallow) to the deep fascia of
the arm, medial to the basilic vein, and proximal to the medial
epicondyle. When an infection is found in the hand or forearm, the
supratrochlear lymph nodes expand. The supratrochlear nodes are a part of the
cubital lymph nodes that drain lymph from the fingers 3-5 and the medial areas
of the forearm.
Inguinal nodes
Parts of the Lymphatic system
Lymph Vessels
Lymph vessels are part of the lymphatic system they help maintain and balance
body fluids. They soak up fat from the digestive tract (a tube made from organs
that allows food to pass through the body is connected from the mouth to the
anal. The vessels provide immunity protection against pathogens and
microbes. Lymph vessels are structured as vases with thin walls and valves that
carry lymph, therefore being called lymph vessels. Their outer wall binds the
vessel with the tissue. They are lined with endothelial cells, these cells have
highly permeable membranes. The activity of skeletal muscles, breathing, and
smooth muscle contraction in vessel walls provide the pressure gradients
needed to flow lymph through the channels. Lymph vessels are connected to
the surrounding tissue by smooth muscles and a thin layer of adventitia which
is mostly made of collagen and holds the lymph vessels in place. Tiny lymphatic
veins gather and remove the interstitial fluid as it builds up, redistributing it
back into the circulation. The fluid that is in between becomes lymph as soon
as it gets into the lymph capillaries. It helps to maintain healthy blood pressure
and volume by preventing Edema and returning the fluid to the
blood circulation.
Lymphatic valves
Lymphatic valves are like veins, they have thin walls and prevent the backflow
of fluid, so it flows forward and not backward. The lymphatic system lacks a
pump similar to the circulatory system's heart. Pressure gradients that
transport lymph through veins are caused by skeletal muscle activity,
respiratory movement, and smooth muscle contraction in channel walls.
Lymphatic valves are formed of two semilunar leaflets produced by specialized
LECs linked to a central cell core.
Lymph Nodes
Lymph nodes resemble little structures resembling beans. Along the lymphatic
routes, they are widely dispersed throughout the body, filtering lymph before
it is returned to the bloodstream. The central system does not include them.
creates a capsule. There are 5 major lymph nodes cervical lymph nodes,
inguinal lymph nodes, axillary lymph nodes, mesenteric, and retroperitoneal.
, The bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign particles are filtered out and
ingested by macrophages( a type of white blood cell that ingests foreign
material found in places as the liver, spleen, and connective tissues. Dendritic
cells(antigen-presenting cells that process antigen material) in lymph nodes
seize antigenic substances circulating in the blood, lymph and give it to the
resident lymphocytes.
Cervical lymph Nodes:
Cervical Lymph nodes often cluster in three superficial areas. These regions are
the cervical nodes in the neck, the axillary nodes in the armpit, and the inguinal
nodes in the groin. Lymph Nodes are surrounded by connective tissue, which
lymph nodes are small glands in the neck that work with the immune system,
fighting infections by destroying germs and bacteria which are carried through
into the node by lymph fluid. These nodes can swell which most likely indicates
an infection.
Axillary nodes
The Axillary node is located in the armpit, its function is to drain and conduct
lymph. The Axillary nodes can be broken up p into 5 different collections the
Lateral, anterior (pectoral), posterior (subscapular), central, and apical groups.
These Lymph Nodes drain the whole upper limb, the breast, as well as the upper
part of the trunk. Venous blood flow and lymph flow are comparable. The heart
receives lymph flow from the periphery. The seven subscapular groups, which
filter lymph from the back and upper neck, are situated behind the shoulder
blades. The lymph is transported to the central node via vessels from these
nodes.
Supratrochlear nodes
The supratrochlear nodes are placed superficial(shallow) to the deep fascia of
the arm, medial to the basilic vein, and proximal to the medial
epicondyle. When an infection is found in the hand or forearm, the
supratrochlear lymph nodes expand. The supratrochlear nodes are a part of the
cubital lymph nodes that drain lymph from the fingers 3-5 and the medial areas
of the forearm.
Inguinal nodes
