BMS Exam 2 Study Guide questions n
answers already passed
What are the 5 components of the cell theory? - correct answer ✔✔1.The cell is the smallest
unit having the properties of life
2.Every organism is composed of one or more cells
3.All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division
4.Cells contain hereditary material, passed to daughter cells during cell division.
5.The metabolic processes associated with life occur within the cell
What is Cytology? - correct answer ✔✔The study of cells
What 3 things are found in all cells and explain them? - correct answer ✔✔Plama Membrane
i. Outer covering of all cells (cell membrane)
ii. Plants and Bacteria have cell wall outside this
DNA
i. Contains the cell's genetic instructions
ii. In nucleus (eukaryotes) in nucleoid (prokaryotes)
Cytoplasm
i. Region between the plasma membrane and the DNA (nucleus in eukaryotes)
ii. Filled with organelles, each have a vital function
iii. Contains cytosol (jelly-like fluid)
What is the endosymbiotic theory? - correct answer ✔✔a. Eukaryotic cells came from
prokaryotic ancestors
,b. Endosymbiosis theory early prokaryotic cell engulfed (absorbed) other smaller, energy-
producing prokaryotic cell
c. Started in early 1900's by botanists
d. Lynn Margulis -1967 (Rejected by 15 journals but published in J. of Theoretical Biology)
e. Plant, animal, and fungal are eukaryotic and came from Protists
What are 3 special features in a plant cell? - correct answer ✔✔The cell wall lies next to the
plasma membrane to provide structural stability to the cell
The central vacuole maintains cell pressure (turgor)
i. The central vacuole consists of water and nutrients
Chloroplasts produce sugars by process of photosynthesis
i. sugars contain energy used by the plants as nutrients
ii. Sugars passed on to the organisms that eat the plants
Flagellum and Cilia - correct answer ✔✔Moves an entire cell
Nucleus - correct answer ✔✔Contains genes, which control and direct most cellular activities
Cytoplasm - correct answer ✔✔Site of all intracellular activities except those occurring in the
nucleus
ER - correct answer ✔✔i. Rough ER is the site of synthesis of cellular proteins
ii. Smooth ER is the site of fatty acid and steroid synthesis
Ribosome - correct answer ✔✔protein synthesis
, Golgi Complex - correct answer ✔✔Accepts proteins from rough ER, stores, packages, and
exports proteins
Mitochondrion - correct answer ✔✔Site of reactions that produce most of a cell's ATP
Lysosome - correct answer ✔✔i. Fuses with and digests contents of vesicles
ii. Digests worn out organelles, entire cells, and extracellular materials
Centrioles - correct answer ✔✔Organizing center for microtubules and mitotic spindle
Microvilli - correct answer ✔✔Folded parts of the cell membrane that increase the cells surface
area
Explain the composition of the plasma membrane and selective permeability? - correct answer
✔✔a. consists of both lipids and proteins
b. the phospholipid bilayer, which forms a stable barrier between two aqueous compartments.
In the case of the plasma membrane, these compartments are the inside and the outside of the
cell.
What is the glycocalyx and its importance? - correct answer ✔✔The glycocalyx is a glycoprotein
covering that surrounds the cell membranes of some bacteria, epithelia and other cells
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? - correct answer ✔✔Diffusion
i. Substance moves toward the area of its lower concentration
Osmosis
i. Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
answers already passed
What are the 5 components of the cell theory? - correct answer ✔✔1.The cell is the smallest
unit having the properties of life
2.Every organism is composed of one or more cells
3.All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division
4.Cells contain hereditary material, passed to daughter cells during cell division.
5.The metabolic processes associated with life occur within the cell
What is Cytology? - correct answer ✔✔The study of cells
What 3 things are found in all cells and explain them? - correct answer ✔✔Plama Membrane
i. Outer covering of all cells (cell membrane)
ii. Plants and Bacteria have cell wall outside this
DNA
i. Contains the cell's genetic instructions
ii. In nucleus (eukaryotes) in nucleoid (prokaryotes)
Cytoplasm
i. Region between the plasma membrane and the DNA (nucleus in eukaryotes)
ii. Filled with organelles, each have a vital function
iii. Contains cytosol (jelly-like fluid)
What is the endosymbiotic theory? - correct answer ✔✔a. Eukaryotic cells came from
prokaryotic ancestors
,b. Endosymbiosis theory early prokaryotic cell engulfed (absorbed) other smaller, energy-
producing prokaryotic cell
c. Started in early 1900's by botanists
d. Lynn Margulis -1967 (Rejected by 15 journals but published in J. of Theoretical Biology)
e. Plant, animal, and fungal are eukaryotic and came from Protists
What are 3 special features in a plant cell? - correct answer ✔✔The cell wall lies next to the
plasma membrane to provide structural stability to the cell
The central vacuole maintains cell pressure (turgor)
i. The central vacuole consists of water and nutrients
Chloroplasts produce sugars by process of photosynthesis
i. sugars contain energy used by the plants as nutrients
ii. Sugars passed on to the organisms that eat the plants
Flagellum and Cilia - correct answer ✔✔Moves an entire cell
Nucleus - correct answer ✔✔Contains genes, which control and direct most cellular activities
Cytoplasm - correct answer ✔✔Site of all intracellular activities except those occurring in the
nucleus
ER - correct answer ✔✔i. Rough ER is the site of synthesis of cellular proteins
ii. Smooth ER is the site of fatty acid and steroid synthesis
Ribosome - correct answer ✔✔protein synthesis
, Golgi Complex - correct answer ✔✔Accepts proteins from rough ER, stores, packages, and
exports proteins
Mitochondrion - correct answer ✔✔Site of reactions that produce most of a cell's ATP
Lysosome - correct answer ✔✔i. Fuses with and digests contents of vesicles
ii. Digests worn out organelles, entire cells, and extracellular materials
Centrioles - correct answer ✔✔Organizing center for microtubules and mitotic spindle
Microvilli - correct answer ✔✔Folded parts of the cell membrane that increase the cells surface
area
Explain the composition of the plasma membrane and selective permeability? - correct answer
✔✔a. consists of both lipids and proteins
b. the phospholipid bilayer, which forms a stable barrier between two aqueous compartments.
In the case of the plasma membrane, these compartments are the inside and the outside of the
cell.
What is the glycocalyx and its importance? - correct answer ✔✔The glycocalyx is a glycoprotein
covering that surrounds the cell membranes of some bacteria, epithelia and other cells
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? - correct answer ✔✔Diffusion
i. Substance moves toward the area of its lower concentration
Osmosis
i. Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
