Nur 641 E Final Exam Study Guide Grand Canyon University Questions
with 100% Correct Answers
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion - inhibit: grapefruit juice
-Pharmacokinetics involves - increase drug -> adverse effects
may have enhanced activity with any other
CYP3A4 - -CYP3A4
absorption from the administration site either
directly or indirectly in the blood plasma - -
Pharmacokinetic absorption 1. discovery or laboratory for development
2. Phase 1 begins with animal testing
3. phase 2 human subjects
reversibly or irreversibly move from the 4. compare drug to placebo or other drug that is
bloodstream into the interstitial and intracellular effective
fluid - -Parmacokinetic distribution 5.FDA then reviews result and determines
approval
6. Post market study to determine other side
biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by effects that were not seen while lab testing -
other tissue - -Pharmacokinetics -Six steps in drug development process
metabolism
1.Institute of Safe mediation Practice
1. highest bioavailability 2. Institute of Medicine
2. places entire does into venin thus bypassing 3. Joint commission
absorption 4.National Coordinating Council form mediation
3. avoids hepatic first pass metabolism in the error reporting and prevention
5. Food and Drug Administration (safe use
liver - -Intravenous medications
initiative) - -organizations for medication
safety
usually reached within 4-5 half lives of the drug -
-steady state medication
1.Also known as a side effect, an undesirable
reaction that accompanies the principal response
for which the drug was taken include allergic
1.the time required for the elimination process to
reactions and adverse drug effects
reduce 2.the concentration of the drug to one
2. Either pharmacological or idiosyncratic
half what it was at initial administration
3. 85-90% of ADRs are pharmacological
3.determines drug frequency
4. Reporting is not mandated by FDA thus are
4. predicts length of toxic effects
not commonly reported
5. constant first order pharmacokinetics of a drug
5. usually preventable occur in hospital and
- -drug half life nursing homes due to med errors
6. Polypharmacy, multiple doctors and multiple
pharmacies increase risk - -Adverse Drug
drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit -
Reaction (ADR)
-zero order (nonlinear)
1. end in pril: lisinopril, captopril, enalapril,
metabolizes 50% drugs ramipril, benazepril and fosinopril
, Nur 641 E Final Exam Study Guide Grand Canyon University Questions
with 100% Correct Answers
2. suppress release of angiotensin converting
enzyme
3. side effects include cough and angioedema, stimulation by beta agonists (isoproterenol) result
with angioedema the medication should be in increased heart rate, blood pressure and
discontinued - -Angiotensin-converting cardiac output
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors 2. blockade results in decreased heart rate, bp,
and cardiac output - -beta 1 adrenergic
1. -sartan: candesartan, eprosartan, ibesartan,
Isosartan, telmisartan, valsartan The heart does not adequately circulate blood to
2.block angiotensin 11 receptors - - systemic system. Due to pressure overload or
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) volume overload causing a reduction of
oxygenated blood to body tissue - -left
heart failure
Essential HTN accounts for 90% of cases and is
also called primary, secondary may be caused
by CKD - -Essential vs Secondary HTN 1.Associated with pulmonary disease and
increased pulmonary vascular resistance
2.The heart does not adequately circulate blood
use: angina pectoris to the pulmonic system. Can be due to volume
action: dilate veins and arteries and thereby overload or regurgitation in Tricuspid Valve or
reducing ischemia and relieving pain by Pulmonic Valve.
decreasing myocardial O2 consumption Can lead to systemic edema, back up of blood in
Side effects: throbbing HA, flushing, hypotension liver and lower extremities - -Right heart
tachycardia failure
available: IV, SL, topical ointment and
transdermal patch
contraindicated with PDE-5 (sildanfil and 1.Inhibit water transport across Loop of Henle
vardenafil) - -Nitroglycerin (Nitrate) work on receptors in ascending renal loop
2.inhibit reabsorption of NaCL at site in kidney
3. potent diuretic (Lasix) can cause hypokalemia
1. antiarrhythmic of choice when there is - -Loop diuretics MOA
coexisting heart failure
2. can cause thyroid and pulmonary toxicity -
-Amiodarone spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride - -
Potassium sparing diuretics
vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure -
-Alpha 1 adrenergic stimulation results phosphodiesterase inhibitor used to treat acute
heart failure - -Milrinone (Primacor)
Decrease sympathetic stimulation causing
vasodilation and decreased blood pressure - children squat to compensate for hypoxia -
-alpha 1 blockade -Tetrallogy of Fallot squatting
with 100% Correct Answers
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion - inhibit: grapefruit juice
-Pharmacokinetics involves - increase drug -> adverse effects
may have enhanced activity with any other
CYP3A4 - -CYP3A4
absorption from the administration site either
directly or indirectly in the blood plasma - -
Pharmacokinetic absorption 1. discovery or laboratory for development
2. Phase 1 begins with animal testing
3. phase 2 human subjects
reversibly or irreversibly move from the 4. compare drug to placebo or other drug that is
bloodstream into the interstitial and intracellular effective
fluid - -Parmacokinetic distribution 5.FDA then reviews result and determines
approval
6. Post market study to determine other side
biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by effects that were not seen while lab testing -
other tissue - -Pharmacokinetics -Six steps in drug development process
metabolism
1.Institute of Safe mediation Practice
1. highest bioavailability 2. Institute of Medicine
2. places entire does into venin thus bypassing 3. Joint commission
absorption 4.National Coordinating Council form mediation
3. avoids hepatic first pass metabolism in the error reporting and prevention
5. Food and Drug Administration (safe use
liver - -Intravenous medications
initiative) - -organizations for medication
safety
usually reached within 4-5 half lives of the drug -
-steady state medication
1.Also known as a side effect, an undesirable
reaction that accompanies the principal response
for which the drug was taken include allergic
1.the time required for the elimination process to
reactions and adverse drug effects
reduce 2.the concentration of the drug to one
2. Either pharmacological or idiosyncratic
half what it was at initial administration
3. 85-90% of ADRs are pharmacological
3.determines drug frequency
4. Reporting is not mandated by FDA thus are
4. predicts length of toxic effects
not commonly reported
5. constant first order pharmacokinetics of a drug
5. usually preventable occur in hospital and
- -drug half life nursing homes due to med errors
6. Polypharmacy, multiple doctors and multiple
pharmacies increase risk - -Adverse Drug
drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit -
Reaction (ADR)
-zero order (nonlinear)
1. end in pril: lisinopril, captopril, enalapril,
metabolizes 50% drugs ramipril, benazepril and fosinopril
, Nur 641 E Final Exam Study Guide Grand Canyon University Questions
with 100% Correct Answers
2. suppress release of angiotensin converting
enzyme
3. side effects include cough and angioedema, stimulation by beta agonists (isoproterenol) result
with angioedema the medication should be in increased heart rate, blood pressure and
discontinued - -Angiotensin-converting cardiac output
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors 2. blockade results in decreased heart rate, bp,
and cardiac output - -beta 1 adrenergic
1. -sartan: candesartan, eprosartan, ibesartan,
Isosartan, telmisartan, valsartan The heart does not adequately circulate blood to
2.block angiotensin 11 receptors - - systemic system. Due to pressure overload or
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) volume overload causing a reduction of
oxygenated blood to body tissue - -left
heart failure
Essential HTN accounts for 90% of cases and is
also called primary, secondary may be caused
by CKD - -Essential vs Secondary HTN 1.Associated with pulmonary disease and
increased pulmonary vascular resistance
2.The heart does not adequately circulate blood
use: angina pectoris to the pulmonic system. Can be due to volume
action: dilate veins and arteries and thereby overload or regurgitation in Tricuspid Valve or
reducing ischemia and relieving pain by Pulmonic Valve.
decreasing myocardial O2 consumption Can lead to systemic edema, back up of blood in
Side effects: throbbing HA, flushing, hypotension liver and lower extremities - -Right heart
tachycardia failure
available: IV, SL, topical ointment and
transdermal patch
contraindicated with PDE-5 (sildanfil and 1.Inhibit water transport across Loop of Henle
vardenafil) - -Nitroglycerin (Nitrate) work on receptors in ascending renal loop
2.inhibit reabsorption of NaCL at site in kidney
3. potent diuretic (Lasix) can cause hypokalemia
1. antiarrhythmic of choice when there is - -Loop diuretics MOA
coexisting heart failure
2. can cause thyroid and pulmonary toxicity -
-Amiodarone spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride - -
Potassium sparing diuretics
vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure -
-Alpha 1 adrenergic stimulation results phosphodiesterase inhibitor used to treat acute
heart failure - -Milrinone (Primacor)
Decrease sympathetic stimulation causing
vasodilation and decreased blood pressure - children squat to compensate for hypoxia -
-alpha 1 blockade -Tetrallogy of Fallot squatting
