HNF 150 - Exam 3 Test Questions with 100% Verified
Answers Graded A+
Describe the major roles of water: - hard water. Contains mostly Na, maybe K. Easier
ANSWER -lubricant, chemical reactions, on appliances and pipes. Not as palatable
solvent, shock absorber, regulates body
temperature, carries nutrients throughout the
body, and cleanses tissue and blood of wastes. Bottled Water - ANSWER -disinfection is
NOT required, confirmed e coli is NOT banned,
filtering of pathogens is NOT required, and
Identify the causes, signs and symptoms of testing for bacteria is done hundreds 1/week.
dehydration. - ANSWER -Causes: not
enough fluids, diuretics, excessive salt and sugar
intake. Tap Water - ANSWER -disinfection IS
Signs and Symptoms: Mild, thirst, sudden weight required, confirmed e coli IS banned, filtering of
loss, rough dry skin, dry mouth, rapid pulse, low pathogens IS required, and testing for bacteria is
bp, lack of energy, impaired kidney function, and done hundreds HUNDREDS/month.
reduced urine output. Severe, Pale skin, bluish
lips and fingertips, confusion, rapid shallow
breathing, weak rapid irregular pulse, shock, Recognize the roles of minerals in maintaining
seizures, coma, and death. fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. -
ANSWER -Mineral salts also serve as a
buffer to help control pH level, allowing all life
Recall how water is regulated in the body - processes to take place. Minerals form salts that
ANSWER -The brain and kidneys regulate dissolve in the body and direct where water goes
water. The hypothalamus regulates thirst. because water follows salt. They separate into
Salivary glands are detecting blood electrically charged particles called electrolytes.
concentration. When it's too low we get thirsty. To control the flow of water, the body moves
Hypothalamus signals a hormone from the these electrolytes from one body compartment to
pituitary gland. Kidneys retain as much water as another to keep a proper balance
possible, urine is yellow because of trying.
State components of food that increase and
water input - ANSWER -liquids, foods, and decrease bioavailability and absorption, and
metabolism general characteristics of transport of minerals -
ANSWER -Bioavailability: "degree to which
the amount of an ingested nutrient is absorbed
water output - ANSWER -urine, skin, lungs and is available in the body" Food components
, and feces affect digestion and absorption. Mineral
absorption is increased when need is increased:
deficiency, pregnancy, etc.
Hard Water - ANSWER -more minerals Increase: Gastric acidity. Vitamin C (iron
overall than soft water (especially Ca and Mg) absorption), Vitamin D (Ca, P, Mg absorption)
About 85% of water in US. Leaves deposits Decrease: Physic acids = whole grain fibers,
breads, legumes. Oxalic acid = leafy green
plants. Polyphenols = tea, chocolate, wine. High
Soft Water - ANSWER -less minerals than dose of supplements of single minerals
, HNF 150 - Exam 3 Test Questions with 100% Verified
Answers Graded A+
cereals. Deficiency: rickets , osteoporosis,
osteopenia (somewhat low bone mass ). AI:
Iodine(trace) - ANSWER -Function: women and men (19-50) 1,000 mg/day women
Needed for thyroid hormones: regulates BMR, and men (51+) 1,200 mg/day
macronutrient metabolism, growth, brain and
nervous system development. Food Source:
Iodized Salt (processed foods) saltwater Magnesium(major) - ANSWER -Function:
seafood, seaweed, foods grown in iodine-rich Assist in enzyme function, energy metabolism,
soil, diary. Deficiency: Goiter is an enlargement affects metabolism of potassium, calcium, and
of thyroid gland, low iodine levels stimulate vitamin D. Protein formation and provides
thyroid enlargement in attempt to more efficiently resistance to tooth decay. Food Source: Found in
trap iodine. Symptoms: Slowed metabolism, green leafy veggies / present in chlorophyll also
feeling colds, and depressionCretinism- iodine in squash, beans, nuts, grains, milk, meats, and
deficiency during pregnancy, impaired fetal brain eggs. Also in Hard water. Deficiency: Irregular
development and growth (severe intellectual heartbeat, weakness, muscle spasm,
disability, loss of hearing and speech,. very short disorientation, nausea, and seizures. Possible
stature) impaired nerve function. Affects Vit D and
calcium: Risk of osteoporosis
Zinc(trace) - ANSWER -Function: Used in
300 enzymes and thousands of functions within Iron(trace) - ANSWER -Function: Oxygen
the body.makes heme in hemoglobin, immunity, transport (hemoglobin-red blood cells)
antioxidant, helps metabolize CHO protein, and (Myoglobin-muscle cells) Iron-containing
fat, helps the pancreas with its digestive enzymes used in energy metabolism, enzyme co-
functions. Food Source: legumes, nuts, whole factor in the synthesis of neurotransmitters,
grains (not fortified in refined grains), red meat, needed for production of immune cells. Food
seafood, and dairy. Deficiency: stunted/delayed Source: Heme iron(only in animal flesh) mollucks
growth, birth defects, infant mortality, immune (clams, mussels, oysters) meat, fish, poultry. Non
dysfunction, dermatitis and diarrhea. heme: (in plants and eggs) green leafy veggies,
seeds, beans, fortified cereals and grains.
Deficiency: Anemia- low hemoglobin symptoms:
Fluoride(trace) - ANSWER -Function: fatigue, difficulty in daily activities, impaired
stored in teeth and skeleton, thought to promote immunity, In children: Cognitive/developmental
remineralization of tooth enamel. Food Source: impairment.
fluoridated water, tea, seafood and seaweed.
Toxicity: Nausea, diarrhea, seizures, coma, keep
toothpaste and mouthwash from children Sodium(major) - ANSWER -Function: Major
role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance,
maintains volume of fluid outside of the cell,
Calcium(major) - ANSWER -Function: helps absorption of glucose and some AA in the
Blood Pressure, blood clotting, Nerve small intestine. Food Source: 75% comes from
transmissions, blood pressure and heartbeat, processed foods, cold cuts and cured meats ,
and release of insulin.Food Source: dairy, leafy pizza , dill pickles, table salt, chicken, cheese,
greens, fortified juices, non-dairy milk, and eggs and omelets. Deficiency: hypertension
Answers Graded A+
Describe the major roles of water: - hard water. Contains mostly Na, maybe K. Easier
ANSWER -lubricant, chemical reactions, on appliances and pipes. Not as palatable
solvent, shock absorber, regulates body
temperature, carries nutrients throughout the
body, and cleanses tissue and blood of wastes. Bottled Water - ANSWER -disinfection is
NOT required, confirmed e coli is NOT banned,
filtering of pathogens is NOT required, and
Identify the causes, signs and symptoms of testing for bacteria is done hundreds 1/week.
dehydration. - ANSWER -Causes: not
enough fluids, diuretics, excessive salt and sugar
intake. Tap Water - ANSWER -disinfection IS
Signs and Symptoms: Mild, thirst, sudden weight required, confirmed e coli IS banned, filtering of
loss, rough dry skin, dry mouth, rapid pulse, low pathogens IS required, and testing for bacteria is
bp, lack of energy, impaired kidney function, and done hundreds HUNDREDS/month.
reduced urine output. Severe, Pale skin, bluish
lips and fingertips, confusion, rapid shallow
breathing, weak rapid irregular pulse, shock, Recognize the roles of minerals in maintaining
seizures, coma, and death. fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. -
ANSWER -Mineral salts also serve as a
buffer to help control pH level, allowing all life
Recall how water is regulated in the body - processes to take place. Minerals form salts that
ANSWER -The brain and kidneys regulate dissolve in the body and direct where water goes
water. The hypothalamus regulates thirst. because water follows salt. They separate into
Salivary glands are detecting blood electrically charged particles called electrolytes.
concentration. When it's too low we get thirsty. To control the flow of water, the body moves
Hypothalamus signals a hormone from the these electrolytes from one body compartment to
pituitary gland. Kidneys retain as much water as another to keep a proper balance
possible, urine is yellow because of trying.
State components of food that increase and
water input - ANSWER -liquids, foods, and decrease bioavailability and absorption, and
metabolism general characteristics of transport of minerals -
ANSWER -Bioavailability: "degree to which
the amount of an ingested nutrient is absorbed
water output - ANSWER -urine, skin, lungs and is available in the body" Food components
, and feces affect digestion and absorption. Mineral
absorption is increased when need is increased:
deficiency, pregnancy, etc.
Hard Water - ANSWER -more minerals Increase: Gastric acidity. Vitamin C (iron
overall than soft water (especially Ca and Mg) absorption), Vitamin D (Ca, P, Mg absorption)
About 85% of water in US. Leaves deposits Decrease: Physic acids = whole grain fibers,
breads, legumes. Oxalic acid = leafy green
plants. Polyphenols = tea, chocolate, wine. High
Soft Water - ANSWER -less minerals than dose of supplements of single minerals
, HNF 150 - Exam 3 Test Questions with 100% Verified
Answers Graded A+
cereals. Deficiency: rickets , osteoporosis,
osteopenia (somewhat low bone mass ). AI:
Iodine(trace) - ANSWER -Function: women and men (19-50) 1,000 mg/day women
Needed for thyroid hormones: regulates BMR, and men (51+) 1,200 mg/day
macronutrient metabolism, growth, brain and
nervous system development. Food Source:
Iodized Salt (processed foods) saltwater Magnesium(major) - ANSWER -Function:
seafood, seaweed, foods grown in iodine-rich Assist in enzyme function, energy metabolism,
soil, diary. Deficiency: Goiter is an enlargement affects metabolism of potassium, calcium, and
of thyroid gland, low iodine levels stimulate vitamin D. Protein formation and provides
thyroid enlargement in attempt to more efficiently resistance to tooth decay. Food Source: Found in
trap iodine. Symptoms: Slowed metabolism, green leafy veggies / present in chlorophyll also
feeling colds, and depressionCretinism- iodine in squash, beans, nuts, grains, milk, meats, and
deficiency during pregnancy, impaired fetal brain eggs. Also in Hard water. Deficiency: Irregular
development and growth (severe intellectual heartbeat, weakness, muscle spasm,
disability, loss of hearing and speech,. very short disorientation, nausea, and seizures. Possible
stature) impaired nerve function. Affects Vit D and
calcium: Risk of osteoporosis
Zinc(trace) - ANSWER -Function: Used in
300 enzymes and thousands of functions within Iron(trace) - ANSWER -Function: Oxygen
the body.makes heme in hemoglobin, immunity, transport (hemoglobin-red blood cells)
antioxidant, helps metabolize CHO protein, and (Myoglobin-muscle cells) Iron-containing
fat, helps the pancreas with its digestive enzymes used in energy metabolism, enzyme co-
functions. Food Source: legumes, nuts, whole factor in the synthesis of neurotransmitters,
grains (not fortified in refined grains), red meat, needed for production of immune cells. Food
seafood, and dairy. Deficiency: stunted/delayed Source: Heme iron(only in animal flesh) mollucks
growth, birth defects, infant mortality, immune (clams, mussels, oysters) meat, fish, poultry. Non
dysfunction, dermatitis and diarrhea. heme: (in plants and eggs) green leafy veggies,
seeds, beans, fortified cereals and grains.
Deficiency: Anemia- low hemoglobin symptoms:
Fluoride(trace) - ANSWER -Function: fatigue, difficulty in daily activities, impaired
stored in teeth and skeleton, thought to promote immunity, In children: Cognitive/developmental
remineralization of tooth enamel. Food Source: impairment.
fluoridated water, tea, seafood and seaweed.
Toxicity: Nausea, diarrhea, seizures, coma, keep
toothpaste and mouthwash from children Sodium(major) - ANSWER -Function: Major
role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance,
maintains volume of fluid outside of the cell,
Calcium(major) - ANSWER -Function: helps absorption of glucose and some AA in the
Blood Pressure, blood clotting, Nerve small intestine. Food Source: 75% comes from
transmissions, blood pressure and heartbeat, processed foods, cold cuts and cured meats ,
and release of insulin.Food Source: dairy, leafy pizza , dill pickles, table salt, chicken, cheese,
greens, fortified juices, non-dairy milk, and eggs and omelets. Deficiency: hypertension
