CELL AND TISSUE ENGINEERING DAK 20903
CHAPTER 5: APPLICATION OF CELL AND TISSUE ENGINEERING
5.1 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Recombinant DNA Technology → isolate, improve & produce protein therapeutics.
Examples:
Insulin
o Human insulin gene inserted into E. coli.
o Bacteria produce insulin for medical use.
Vaccines
o Hepatitis B → antigen produced in yeast cells.
o COVID-19 → recombinant & mRNA technology.
5.2 Medical Biotechnology
Tissue Engineering (TE) in Regenerative Medicine → uses cells, scaffolds & biomaterials to
repair/replace tissues or organs.
Applications:
Skin Grafting
o First clinical use (1980s): fibroblasts + keratinocytes + scaffold.
o Artificial skin (e.g., Integra®) → collagen + silicon membrane.
o Function: wound protection & healing.
Knee Cartilage Repair
o Cartilage = poor healing (no blood supply).
o Microfracture surgery + biological gel + adhesive → regenerate cartilage.
Stem Cell Transplant (Leukemia)
o Replace damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells.
5.3 Food Biotechnology
Cultivated Meat (CM)
o Meat grown from animal cells in lab (same nutrition & taste).
o Scaffolds used for proper texture.
o Benefits → sustainable, ethical, reduces animal slaughter.
Agriculture Improvements
CHAPTER 5: APPLICATION OF CELL AND TISSUE ENGINEERING
5.1 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Recombinant DNA Technology → isolate, improve & produce protein therapeutics.
Examples:
Insulin
o Human insulin gene inserted into E. coli.
o Bacteria produce insulin for medical use.
Vaccines
o Hepatitis B → antigen produced in yeast cells.
o COVID-19 → recombinant & mRNA technology.
5.2 Medical Biotechnology
Tissue Engineering (TE) in Regenerative Medicine → uses cells, scaffolds & biomaterials to
repair/replace tissues or organs.
Applications:
Skin Grafting
o First clinical use (1980s): fibroblasts + keratinocytes + scaffold.
o Artificial skin (e.g., Integra®) → collagen + silicon membrane.
o Function: wound protection & healing.
Knee Cartilage Repair
o Cartilage = poor healing (no blood supply).
o Microfracture surgery + biological gel + adhesive → regenerate cartilage.
Stem Cell Transplant (Leukemia)
o Replace damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells.
5.3 Food Biotechnology
Cultivated Meat (CM)
o Meat grown from animal cells in lab (same nutrition & taste).
o Scaffolds used for proper texture.
o Benefits → sustainable, ethical, reduces animal slaughter.
Agriculture Improvements
