BIO 261 EXAM 2 EXAM WITH CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Hormone - CORRECT-ANSWERS*******A chemical messenger secreted into the blood by
specialized cells
What are three kinds of hormones? - CORRECT-ANSWERS*******Amines, peptides/proteins,
steroids
What are characteristics of a classic hormone? - CORRECT-ANSWERS*******• Secreted by
cell or group of cells (gland) into blood
• Transported to a distant target
• Effective at very low concentrations
,• Hormones have half lives
What can hormones control? - CORRECT-ANSWERS*******• Metabolism
• Growth and development
• Homeostasis
• Reproduction
Why are growth factors and cytokines not considered true hormones? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS*******They are not carried long distances. Cytokines are made as needed instead
of stored.
Compare hormones and neurotransmitters in terms of : speed of action, type of signal
(chemical/electrical), length of effects on target cells, and where they are produced. -
, CORRECT-ANSWERS*******Hormones are slow acting, chemical signals that have a longer
effect on target cells. Neurotransmitters are fast acting chemical and electrical signals that have
a shorter effect on target cells.
What are neurohormones? Give examples. - CORRECT-ANSWERS*******Neurohormones are
made by neurons and secreted into the blood for transport. Some examples are catecholamines
like epinephrine and norepinephrine and some are hypothalamic neurohormones like oxytocin
and vasopressin.
Describe hormone synthesis of a peptide/protein hormone - CORRECT-
ANSWERS*******Coded for by DNA, made at the ribosome. A signal is attached to the
peptide chain that directs it to the RER for processing. This is called a preprohormone. Enzymes
in the RER cut the signal sequence , creating a prohormone. In the golgi complex, enzymes chop
the prohormone into one or more active hormones.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Hormone - CORRECT-ANSWERS*******A chemical messenger secreted into the blood by
specialized cells
What are three kinds of hormones? - CORRECT-ANSWERS*******Amines, peptides/proteins,
steroids
What are characteristics of a classic hormone? - CORRECT-ANSWERS*******• Secreted by
cell or group of cells (gland) into blood
• Transported to a distant target
• Effective at very low concentrations
,• Hormones have half lives
What can hormones control? - CORRECT-ANSWERS*******• Metabolism
• Growth and development
• Homeostasis
• Reproduction
Why are growth factors and cytokines not considered true hormones? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS*******They are not carried long distances. Cytokines are made as needed instead
of stored.
Compare hormones and neurotransmitters in terms of : speed of action, type of signal
(chemical/electrical), length of effects on target cells, and where they are produced. -
, CORRECT-ANSWERS*******Hormones are slow acting, chemical signals that have a longer
effect on target cells. Neurotransmitters are fast acting chemical and electrical signals that have
a shorter effect on target cells.
What are neurohormones? Give examples. - CORRECT-ANSWERS*******Neurohormones are
made by neurons and secreted into the blood for transport. Some examples are catecholamines
like epinephrine and norepinephrine and some are hypothalamic neurohormones like oxytocin
and vasopressin.
Describe hormone synthesis of a peptide/protein hormone - CORRECT-
ANSWERS*******Coded for by DNA, made at the ribosome. A signal is attached to the
peptide chain that directs it to the RER for processing. This is called a preprohormone. Enzymes
in the RER cut the signal sequence , creating a prohormone. In the golgi complex, enzymes chop
the prohormone into one or more active hormones.
