BIO 261, EXAM ONE STUDY GUIDE
EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2025
What are bacterial colonies and how are they formed? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAs the
bacteria consume the nutrients, they begin to grow and multiply, the pile of cells that
originates from one cell is called a colony.
What cellular structures distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSprokaryotic cells
-no membrane bound organelles
-no nucleus.
-single circular chromosome
-small
-plasmids
Eukaryotic cells
-organelles
,-DNA enclosed in a membrane bound nucleus
-mitochondria
-linear chromosomes within the nucleus
-larger
What are some differences between a cell wall and a cell membrane? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSCell membrane
-all cells have it
-separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment
-made up of lipids, proteins, and small amount of carbohydrates.
Cell wall
-some microbes have it
-confers structural strength
-made up of cellulose in plant and of peptidoglycan in bacterium and made up of chitin
in fungi.
,In what types of organisms would you expect to find cell walls and or cell membranes? -
CORRECT-ANSWERS-cell wall is only present in plants, bacteria, fungi and algae. not in
animals nor protozoa.
-cell membrane is present in all cells.
How has the Earth changed over its history? How have microorganisms contributed to
these changes? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-it began with no oxygen and only prokaryotic
anaerobic bacteria.
-cyanobacteria went through photosynthesis, taking in carbon dioxide and giving off
oxygen transitioning to an oxygen filed world.
-Eukaryotic cells came to be after two prokaryotic cells engulfed each other.
How would you convince a friend that microorganisms are much more than just agents
of disease? What are some benefits that microbes provide? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-food
and agriculture
-valuable human products
-energy generation
-environmental cleanup
, ex:
-digests complex carbs in humans
-synthesize vitamins and other nutrients
-improving food safety, preservation
-dairy products and other food
-biofilms
-industrial microbiology
-biotechnology
-production of biofuels
-wastewater treatment
-bioremediation
What is the difference between magnification and resolution? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
Magnification is the ability to make an object larger.
-Resolution is the ability to distinguish two adjacent objects as distinct and separate.
*for a light microscope, If the cells are .2 micrometers apart, you can see them as two
cells.
EXAM WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2025
What are bacterial colonies and how are they formed? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAs the
bacteria consume the nutrients, they begin to grow and multiply, the pile of cells that
originates from one cell is called a colony.
What cellular structures distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSprokaryotic cells
-no membrane bound organelles
-no nucleus.
-single circular chromosome
-small
-plasmids
Eukaryotic cells
-organelles
,-DNA enclosed in a membrane bound nucleus
-mitochondria
-linear chromosomes within the nucleus
-larger
What are some differences between a cell wall and a cell membrane? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSCell membrane
-all cells have it
-separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment
-made up of lipids, proteins, and small amount of carbohydrates.
Cell wall
-some microbes have it
-confers structural strength
-made up of cellulose in plant and of peptidoglycan in bacterium and made up of chitin
in fungi.
,In what types of organisms would you expect to find cell walls and or cell membranes? -
CORRECT-ANSWERS-cell wall is only present in plants, bacteria, fungi and algae. not in
animals nor protozoa.
-cell membrane is present in all cells.
How has the Earth changed over its history? How have microorganisms contributed to
these changes? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-it began with no oxygen and only prokaryotic
anaerobic bacteria.
-cyanobacteria went through photosynthesis, taking in carbon dioxide and giving off
oxygen transitioning to an oxygen filed world.
-Eukaryotic cells came to be after two prokaryotic cells engulfed each other.
How would you convince a friend that microorganisms are much more than just agents
of disease? What are some benefits that microbes provide? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-food
and agriculture
-valuable human products
-energy generation
-environmental cleanup
, ex:
-digests complex carbs in humans
-synthesize vitamins and other nutrients
-improving food safety, preservation
-dairy products and other food
-biofilms
-industrial microbiology
-biotechnology
-production of biofuels
-wastewater treatment
-bioremediation
What is the difference between magnification and resolution? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
Magnification is the ability to make an object larger.
-Resolution is the ability to distinguish two adjacent objects as distinct and separate.
*for a light microscope, If the cells are .2 micrometers apart, you can see them as two
cells.
