NS 3325 Exam 4 Review Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Version 2025-2026
Obesity - Answers approximately 2/3 of general pop is overweight, however obesity in athletes
are rare: exceptions include football, wrestling (heavyweight division), boxing (heavyweight
division), field events (throwers)
Causes and consequences of obesity - Answers Causes: genetic predisposition, behavioral
practices like poor diet/lack of exercise, social/cultural influences, psychological/environmental
factors, physiological factors like hormonal imbalance, chronic disease
Consequences of: increased mortality, increased morbidity in the form of heart disease,
hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis
Body Mass Index - Answers what it is: most widely used height for weight index,
weight(kg)/height(m^2)=BMI, correlates fairly strongly with body fatness
how it's used: help identify potential health risks, determine weight status, correlate with body
composition
Levels of BMI - Answers Levels:
Underweight: BMI <18.5
Healthy weight: BMI= 18.5-24.9
Overweight: BMI= 25-29.9
Obesity: BMI > 30
Waist circumference - Answers determining weight status
-weight concentrated around the middle is referred to as an "apple" shape
-weight concentrated around the hips is referred to as a "pear" shape
Measures: waist circumference of >40 inches for men, and >35 inches in women are at greater
risk for diseases
Body Composition - Answers A discriminating indicator of body fatness: expressed as % body
fat
, two compartment model:
1)Fat Mass
-essential fat: M=3-5%, W=12-14%
-nonessential (storage) fat
2) Fat-free mass: muscle, bones, connective tissue, organ tissue, water
types of body composition measurements - Answers -underwater weighing (densitometry)
-air displacement plethysmography
-dual x-ray absorptiometry
-bioelectrical impedance analysis
-skinfold measurement
underwater weighing/hydrostatic weighing - Answers -considered the standard
-measures density
-based on archimedes' principle
-the heavier the underwater weight, the greater the fat-free mass
air displacement plethysmography - Answers -measures body volume like UWW
-air, rather than water, is displaced
-BOD POD
-accuracy similar to UWW
Advantage: smaller, lighter, more portable than UWW
Disadvantage: expensive
dual x-ray absorptiometry - Answers -like UWW, also considered a standard
-relies on x-ray technology
-also measures bone mineral density
-provides regional composition measurements
Disadvantage: technical/expensive
Obesity - Answers approximately 2/3 of general pop is overweight, however obesity in athletes
are rare: exceptions include football, wrestling (heavyweight division), boxing (heavyweight
division), field events (throwers)
Causes and consequences of obesity - Answers Causes: genetic predisposition, behavioral
practices like poor diet/lack of exercise, social/cultural influences, psychological/environmental
factors, physiological factors like hormonal imbalance, chronic disease
Consequences of: increased mortality, increased morbidity in the form of heart disease,
hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis
Body Mass Index - Answers what it is: most widely used height for weight index,
weight(kg)/height(m^2)=BMI, correlates fairly strongly with body fatness
how it's used: help identify potential health risks, determine weight status, correlate with body
composition
Levels of BMI - Answers Levels:
Underweight: BMI <18.5
Healthy weight: BMI= 18.5-24.9
Overweight: BMI= 25-29.9
Obesity: BMI > 30
Waist circumference - Answers determining weight status
-weight concentrated around the middle is referred to as an "apple" shape
-weight concentrated around the hips is referred to as a "pear" shape
Measures: waist circumference of >40 inches for men, and >35 inches in women are at greater
risk for diseases
Body Composition - Answers A discriminating indicator of body fatness: expressed as % body
fat
, two compartment model:
1)Fat Mass
-essential fat: M=3-5%, W=12-14%
-nonessential (storage) fat
2) Fat-free mass: muscle, bones, connective tissue, organ tissue, water
types of body composition measurements - Answers -underwater weighing (densitometry)
-air displacement plethysmography
-dual x-ray absorptiometry
-bioelectrical impedance analysis
-skinfold measurement
underwater weighing/hydrostatic weighing - Answers -considered the standard
-measures density
-based on archimedes' principle
-the heavier the underwater weight, the greater the fat-free mass
air displacement plethysmography - Answers -measures body volume like UWW
-air, rather than water, is displaced
-BOD POD
-accuracy similar to UWW
Advantage: smaller, lighter, more portable than UWW
Disadvantage: expensive
dual x-ray absorptiometry - Answers -like UWW, also considered a standard
-relies on x-ray technology
-also measures bone mineral density
-provides regional composition measurements
Disadvantage: technical/expensive
