HAZARDOUS EARTH 12 MARKER PLANS
GLACIATED LANDSCAPES
Assess the extent which tectonic activity can affect geomorphic processes occurring within one
landscape system you have studied (12)
- Borrowdale volcanics - Lake District - igneous rocks = previous tectonic activity - resistant to
erosion - withstand erosion - formation of Helvellyn range through geomorphic processes
- Iceland - jökulhlaups - phreatomagmatic eruption - greater attrition and smoothing of
material due to presence of meltwater - also freeze thaw action increases - possibly chemical
weathering
Assess the extent which volcanic activity influences the stores and flows of fluvial based processes
within any landscape system you studied (12)
- Iceland , phreatomagmatic eruption - increased meltwater and floods - jokulhlaup - affects
fluvio-glacial landforms - transporting sediment rapidly and reshaping river channels - link:
volcanic activity acts as a trigger for short-term surges in fluvial flow and sediment transfer
- Could block river channels -long term affects to fluvio glacial storage and flows
Examine how responses/mitigation to tectonic hazards might be influenced by landscape systems
- Glaciated landscapes = difficult terrain so difficult to distribute aid evenly
- Nepal - 20,000 landslides, Himalayas, glaciers in mountainous regions in Nepal - remote
areas = delayed support - 19 deaths on Mt Everest = further isolation
- E15: Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland, 2010) - eruption beneath ice cap triggered major flood, washing
out infrastructure - phreatomagmatic eruption - jökulhlaup
- Mitigation must include monitoring glacial meltwater and building flood defences
downstream - this adds complexity to planning and response - diversion of floods to road
rather than bridge
- Oil pipe built in zig zag to prevent it breaking - Alaska
Seismic - Alaska - pipeline in zig zag to prevent against earthquakes - could break pipeline or cause oil
spill
GLOBAL MIGRATION
Examine how the global distribution of plate boundaries can affect global migration
- Push factors - lee migration model
- Iceland - sits on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (divergent boundary), but high levels of preparedness
and wealth limit migration outflows
GLACIATED LANDSCAPES
Assess the extent which tectonic activity can affect geomorphic processes occurring within one
landscape system you have studied (12)
- Borrowdale volcanics - Lake District - igneous rocks = previous tectonic activity - resistant to
erosion - withstand erosion - formation of Helvellyn range through geomorphic processes
- Iceland - jökulhlaups - phreatomagmatic eruption - greater attrition and smoothing of
material due to presence of meltwater - also freeze thaw action increases - possibly chemical
weathering
Assess the extent which volcanic activity influences the stores and flows of fluvial based processes
within any landscape system you studied (12)
- Iceland , phreatomagmatic eruption - increased meltwater and floods - jokulhlaup - affects
fluvio-glacial landforms - transporting sediment rapidly and reshaping river channels - link:
volcanic activity acts as a trigger for short-term surges in fluvial flow and sediment transfer
- Could block river channels -long term affects to fluvio glacial storage and flows
Examine how responses/mitigation to tectonic hazards might be influenced by landscape systems
- Glaciated landscapes = difficult terrain so difficult to distribute aid evenly
- Nepal - 20,000 landslides, Himalayas, glaciers in mountainous regions in Nepal - remote
areas = delayed support - 19 deaths on Mt Everest = further isolation
- E15: Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland, 2010) - eruption beneath ice cap triggered major flood, washing
out infrastructure - phreatomagmatic eruption - jökulhlaup
- Mitigation must include monitoring glacial meltwater and building flood defences
downstream - this adds complexity to planning and response - diversion of floods to road
rather than bridge
- Oil pipe built in zig zag to prevent it breaking - Alaska
Seismic - Alaska - pipeline in zig zag to prevent against earthquakes - could break pipeline or cause oil
spill
GLOBAL MIGRATION
Examine how the global distribution of plate boundaries can affect global migration
- Push factors - lee migration model
- Iceland - sits on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (divergent boundary), but high levels of preparedness
and wealth limit migration outflows
