NUR 6111 WEEK 3
Respiratory Disorders
Complete Notes & Study Guide
William Paterson University
Verified Content
This comprehensive Respiratory Disorders study guide.
Covers Asthma, COPD, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, and
Lung Cancer with key concepts, diagnostics,
management guidelines, and clinical pearls. Perfect for
exam prep, clinical practice. Includes verified notes
and structured summaries for efficient study.
,● Smoking
○ Cigarettes and Death
■ Cigarette smoking causes about one of every five deaths in the United
States each year. Cigarette smoking is estimated to cause the following:
● More than 480,000 deaths annually (including deaths from
secondhand smoke)
● 278,544 deaths annually among men (including deaths from
secondhand smoke)
● 201,773 deaths annually among women (including deaths from
secondhand smoke)
■ Cigarette smoking causes premature death:
● Life expectancy for smokers is at least 10 years shorter than for
nonsmokers.
● Quitting smoking before the age of 40 reduces the risk of dying
from smoking-related diseases by about 90%.
■
■
○ Vaping
■ Vaping is the act of inhaling and exhaling the aerosol, often referred to as
vapor, which is produced by an e-cigarette or similar device. E-cigarettes do
not produce tobacco smoke but rather an aerosol, often mistaken for water
vapor, that consists of fine particles containing toxins.
■ Many of these particles contain varying amounts of toxic chemicals, which
have been linked to cancer as well as respiratory and heart disease.
, ■ Vaping is an alternative to smoking, only much much safer, in fact 95% safer
than cigarettes. The last 5% is largely a lack of long term research. Nicotine is
addictive, but in the doses delivered by vaping the danger is comparable to
caffeine in coffee or tea. The biggest unknown is the safety of inhaling food
grade flavour.
■ The term vaping means to inhale vapours produced by a battery powered
device heating a specialized liquid that you inhale into your lungs just like
you inhale cigarette smoke.
■ The liquid you vape contains 4 ingredients
● VG - Vegetable Glycerine also used in food products & cosmetics
● PG - Propylene Glycol also used in food products & medical
inhalers
● Flavorings - also used in food products
● Nicotine - extracted from tobacco leafs
■ What about secondhand vaping?
● The vapor that is exhaled when vaping has particle matter
comparable to an empty room, and the nicotine levels are too low to
have any feasible pharmacological effect. The air along a busy road
is more dangerous than secondhand vaping.
■ https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-d
isease.html
■ https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2019/09/07/what-we-know-
about- mysterious-vaping-linked-illnesses-deaths/
■ https://www.cnet.com/news/a-timeline-of-recent-juul-and-vaping-health-co
ntroversies-death-update/
■
● The right lung pictured is normal, while the left is surrounded by air
in the chest cavity (in black) compressing the lung.
■
● This image shows how inflammation (the white shadows) progressed
over 5 days in a hospital patient, enveloping the lungs.
○ Smoking vs Vaping
, ■ Smoking
● More than a third of the U.S. population are cigarette smokers
● Smoking related illnesses are for every 1 of 5 deaths in the U.S.
● Smoking is known to cause damage to every organ in your body
● Nearly 70% of smoker’s report they want to quit to lead a healthier
lifestyle.
● Despite this, 42% say they’ve tried to quit during the past year
without success.
■ Vaping
● Vaping is tobacco-free and completely odorless.
● Less harmful chemicals and toxins are used in e-cigarettes.
● From zero milligrams upwards, you control your own intake.
● Almost 3 quarters of users felt fitter after switching from smoking
to vaping.
● Almost a quarter were medically assessed as being in better
condition after switching.
○ Primary care providers impact cessation rates
■ 5 step intervention in office practice “5 A’s” (USPHS)
● Ask about tobacco/e-cig use at every visit
● Advise all tobacco users to stop
● Assess their willingness to make a quit attempt
● Assist the patient in quitting
● Arrange follow-up contact to support their efforts
○ Tools for Smoking Cessation
■ https://www.quitprofessional.com/?cc=000000002781
■ Assessment for readiness
■ Recommend against e-cigarettes
■ US Public Health Services (USPHS) found 2 methods that had the best
efficacy: behavioral counseling and pharmacology
■ A combination of counseling and pharmacology produced the best results
■ Medications
● Nicotine replacement: patches, gums, lozenges, inhalers, nasal
spray
● Wellbutrin: antidepressant
● Chantix
●Tuberculosis (TB)
○ A multisystemic infectious disease spread primarily by airborne droplets that
transmit Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB).
■ TB predominately affects the lungs, but it can also affect any part of the
body. TB can present with acute symptoms (active disease) or without
symptoms (latent TB infection).
○ Risk Factors
■ Recent immigration from high-incidence areas of the world
Respiratory Disorders
Complete Notes & Study Guide
William Paterson University
Verified Content
This comprehensive Respiratory Disorders study guide.
Covers Asthma, COPD, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, and
Lung Cancer with key concepts, diagnostics,
management guidelines, and clinical pearls. Perfect for
exam prep, clinical practice. Includes verified notes
and structured summaries for efficient study.
,● Smoking
○ Cigarettes and Death
■ Cigarette smoking causes about one of every five deaths in the United
States each year. Cigarette smoking is estimated to cause the following:
● More than 480,000 deaths annually (including deaths from
secondhand smoke)
● 278,544 deaths annually among men (including deaths from
secondhand smoke)
● 201,773 deaths annually among women (including deaths from
secondhand smoke)
■ Cigarette smoking causes premature death:
● Life expectancy for smokers is at least 10 years shorter than for
nonsmokers.
● Quitting smoking before the age of 40 reduces the risk of dying
from smoking-related diseases by about 90%.
■
■
○ Vaping
■ Vaping is the act of inhaling and exhaling the aerosol, often referred to as
vapor, which is produced by an e-cigarette or similar device. E-cigarettes do
not produce tobacco smoke but rather an aerosol, often mistaken for water
vapor, that consists of fine particles containing toxins.
■ Many of these particles contain varying amounts of toxic chemicals, which
have been linked to cancer as well as respiratory and heart disease.
, ■ Vaping is an alternative to smoking, only much much safer, in fact 95% safer
than cigarettes. The last 5% is largely a lack of long term research. Nicotine is
addictive, but in the doses delivered by vaping the danger is comparable to
caffeine in coffee or tea. The biggest unknown is the safety of inhaling food
grade flavour.
■ The term vaping means to inhale vapours produced by a battery powered
device heating a specialized liquid that you inhale into your lungs just like
you inhale cigarette smoke.
■ The liquid you vape contains 4 ingredients
● VG - Vegetable Glycerine also used in food products & cosmetics
● PG - Propylene Glycol also used in food products & medical
inhalers
● Flavorings - also used in food products
● Nicotine - extracted from tobacco leafs
■ What about secondhand vaping?
● The vapor that is exhaled when vaping has particle matter
comparable to an empty room, and the nicotine levels are too low to
have any feasible pharmacological effect. The air along a busy road
is more dangerous than secondhand vaping.
■ https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-d
isease.html
■ https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2019/09/07/what-we-know-
about- mysterious-vaping-linked-illnesses-deaths/
■ https://www.cnet.com/news/a-timeline-of-recent-juul-and-vaping-health-co
ntroversies-death-update/
■
● The right lung pictured is normal, while the left is surrounded by air
in the chest cavity (in black) compressing the lung.
■
● This image shows how inflammation (the white shadows) progressed
over 5 days in a hospital patient, enveloping the lungs.
○ Smoking vs Vaping
, ■ Smoking
● More than a third of the U.S. population are cigarette smokers
● Smoking related illnesses are for every 1 of 5 deaths in the U.S.
● Smoking is known to cause damage to every organ in your body
● Nearly 70% of smoker’s report they want to quit to lead a healthier
lifestyle.
● Despite this, 42% say they’ve tried to quit during the past year
without success.
■ Vaping
● Vaping is tobacco-free and completely odorless.
● Less harmful chemicals and toxins are used in e-cigarettes.
● From zero milligrams upwards, you control your own intake.
● Almost 3 quarters of users felt fitter after switching from smoking
to vaping.
● Almost a quarter were medically assessed as being in better
condition after switching.
○ Primary care providers impact cessation rates
■ 5 step intervention in office practice “5 A’s” (USPHS)
● Ask about tobacco/e-cig use at every visit
● Advise all tobacco users to stop
● Assess their willingness to make a quit attempt
● Assist the patient in quitting
● Arrange follow-up contact to support their efforts
○ Tools for Smoking Cessation
■ https://www.quitprofessional.com/?cc=000000002781
■ Assessment for readiness
■ Recommend against e-cigarettes
■ US Public Health Services (USPHS) found 2 methods that had the best
efficacy: behavioral counseling and pharmacology
■ A combination of counseling and pharmacology produced the best results
■ Medications
● Nicotine replacement: patches, gums, lozenges, inhalers, nasal
spray
● Wellbutrin: antidepressant
● Chantix
●Tuberculosis (TB)
○ A multisystemic infectious disease spread primarily by airborne droplets that
transmit Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB).
■ TB predominately affects the lungs, but it can also affect any part of the
body. TB can present with acute symptoms (active disease) or without
symptoms (latent TB infection).
○ Risk Factors
■ Recent immigration from high-incidence areas of the world
