UPTP Exam 4
The Five D's of Security Deny, Deter, Delay, Detect, Defend
An effective physical security program
relies upon multiple layers of security.
The Five D's of Security
The layers must provide comprehensive
security in support of common goals.
The objective is to keep threat actors out,
while allowing authorized persons to en-
Deny ter. This is achieved through a variety of
means using both personnel and equip-
ment.
To persuade the threat actor to avoid at-
tempting a breach of a facility's perimeter
or other controlled areas. This should be
Deter accomplished as far from the facility as
possible and is often a combination of
physical security apparatus and person-
nel.
The objective is to slow down a threat ac-
tor long enough to allow the law enforce-
Delay
ment/security officer (Officer) response
forces to engage the threat.
The objective is to detect possible threat
actors as they attempt to breach a facil-
Detect ity's perimeter or other controlled areas,
thus allowing for an effective officer re-
sponse.
The objective is to provide an effective
officer response that prevents the threat
Defend
actor from engaging the protected as-
sets.
Federal facilities require protection in or-
der to ensure steady-state operations
Federal Security Levels (FSL) are maintained. The level of protection
required is determined based upon an
evaluation of the following factors: mis-
,UPTP Exam 4
sion criticality, symbolism, facility popula-
tion, facility size, and threats.
This facility will contain administrative,
direct service, or regulatory activities at
a local level. The loss, theft, destruc-
tion, misuse, or compromise of activities
FSL I (MINIMUM)
or operations would have an insignifi-
cant impact on the defense of the United
States~ or would only affect defense mis-
sions on a regional level.
Simple physical barriers designed to IM-
FSL-1
PEDE unauthorized external activity.
This facility will house administrative sup-
port operations such as personnel, spe-
FSL II (LOW) cialized equipment, or maintains activi-
ties affecting the defense infrastructure
of the United States.
Simple physical barriers, designed to IM-
FSL-2 PEDE and DETECT unauthorized exter-
nal activity. Locks doors, etc.
Houses personnel, specialized equip-
ment, or maintains activities affecting the
FSL III (MEDIUM)
tactical or operational capability for the
defense of the United States.
Measures, with capabilities designed to
IMPEDE, DETECT and ASSESS unau-
FSL-3 thorized external activity such as limiting
entrances, vehicle barriers, exterior light-
ing, etc.
Houses personnel or specialized equip-
ment essential to regulating national fis-
cal or monetary policy, financial markets,
FSL IV (HIGH) or other economic functions. Examples
include- U.S. Department of Commerce
building, FEMA Emergency Operations
Center, GSA National Capitol Region
, UPTP Exam 4
headquarters, Social Security Adminis-
tration headquarters, Census Bureau.
Measures to IMPEDE, DETECT and AS-
SESS most unauthorized internal and
FSL-4 external activity such as VMS/CCTV,
armed guards, electronic access control,
etc.
National leadership, seats of constitu-
tional branches. Houses chief officials for
FSL V (VERY HIGH) a branch of government. Examples in-
clude- the White House, the US Capitol
building, the Supreme Court building.
Measures to IMPEDE, DETECT, AS-
SESS and NEUTRALIZE all unautho-
FSL-5 rized internal and external activity such
as lockdown capability, 24/7 security
control center, etc.
stipulates that federal agencies may in-
spect packages, briefcases and other
41 CFR Part 10274.370
containers of persons entering or depart-
ing Federal property, to include vehicles.
is informing a person of some fact that he
or she has a right to know and which the
Posted notice: informer has a legal duty to communicate
by posting signage in a "conspicuous"
place. United States v. Bischsel.
Informing a person of some fact that he
or she has a right to know and which the
Actual notice: informer has a legal duty to communicate
by verbal notification. United States v.
Bischsel.
emit light that is yellowish, so the color
rendition of these lamps makes all colors
Low Pressure Sodium: appear as shades of yellow grey. Lamps
are used in exterior locations and should
not be used in support of VSS.
Manmade
The Five D's of Security Deny, Deter, Delay, Detect, Defend
An effective physical security program
relies upon multiple layers of security.
The Five D's of Security
The layers must provide comprehensive
security in support of common goals.
The objective is to keep threat actors out,
while allowing authorized persons to en-
Deny ter. This is achieved through a variety of
means using both personnel and equip-
ment.
To persuade the threat actor to avoid at-
tempting a breach of a facility's perimeter
or other controlled areas. This should be
Deter accomplished as far from the facility as
possible and is often a combination of
physical security apparatus and person-
nel.
The objective is to slow down a threat ac-
tor long enough to allow the law enforce-
Delay
ment/security officer (Officer) response
forces to engage the threat.
The objective is to detect possible threat
actors as they attempt to breach a facil-
Detect ity's perimeter or other controlled areas,
thus allowing for an effective officer re-
sponse.
The objective is to provide an effective
officer response that prevents the threat
Defend
actor from engaging the protected as-
sets.
Federal facilities require protection in or-
der to ensure steady-state operations
Federal Security Levels (FSL) are maintained. The level of protection
required is determined based upon an
evaluation of the following factors: mis-
,UPTP Exam 4
sion criticality, symbolism, facility popula-
tion, facility size, and threats.
This facility will contain administrative,
direct service, or regulatory activities at
a local level. The loss, theft, destruc-
tion, misuse, or compromise of activities
FSL I (MINIMUM)
or operations would have an insignifi-
cant impact on the defense of the United
States~ or would only affect defense mis-
sions on a regional level.
Simple physical barriers designed to IM-
FSL-1
PEDE unauthorized external activity.
This facility will house administrative sup-
port operations such as personnel, spe-
FSL II (LOW) cialized equipment, or maintains activi-
ties affecting the defense infrastructure
of the United States.
Simple physical barriers, designed to IM-
FSL-2 PEDE and DETECT unauthorized exter-
nal activity. Locks doors, etc.
Houses personnel, specialized equip-
ment, or maintains activities affecting the
FSL III (MEDIUM)
tactical or operational capability for the
defense of the United States.
Measures, with capabilities designed to
IMPEDE, DETECT and ASSESS unau-
FSL-3 thorized external activity such as limiting
entrances, vehicle barriers, exterior light-
ing, etc.
Houses personnel or specialized equip-
ment essential to regulating national fis-
cal or monetary policy, financial markets,
FSL IV (HIGH) or other economic functions. Examples
include- U.S. Department of Commerce
building, FEMA Emergency Operations
Center, GSA National Capitol Region
, UPTP Exam 4
headquarters, Social Security Adminis-
tration headquarters, Census Bureau.
Measures to IMPEDE, DETECT and AS-
SESS most unauthorized internal and
FSL-4 external activity such as VMS/CCTV,
armed guards, electronic access control,
etc.
National leadership, seats of constitu-
tional branches. Houses chief officials for
FSL V (VERY HIGH) a branch of government. Examples in-
clude- the White House, the US Capitol
building, the Supreme Court building.
Measures to IMPEDE, DETECT, AS-
SESS and NEUTRALIZE all unautho-
FSL-5 rized internal and external activity such
as lockdown capability, 24/7 security
control center, etc.
stipulates that federal agencies may in-
spect packages, briefcases and other
41 CFR Part 10274.370
containers of persons entering or depart-
ing Federal property, to include vehicles.
is informing a person of some fact that he
or she has a right to know and which the
Posted notice: informer has a legal duty to communicate
by posting signage in a "conspicuous"
place. United States v. Bischsel.
Informing a person of some fact that he
or she has a right to know and which the
Actual notice: informer has a legal duty to communicate
by verbal notification. United States v.
Bischsel.
emit light that is yellowish, so the color
rendition of these lamps makes all colors
Low Pressure Sodium: appear as shades of yellow grey. Lamps
are used in exterior locations and should
not be used in support of VSS.
Manmade
