NOTES
Biotechnology Principles
and Processes
© 2022, Aakash BYJU'S. All rights reserved
, Key Takeaways
Biotechnology 1
Principles
Gene cloning
rDNA technology
2 Tools of rDNA technology
Restriction enzyme
DNA Ligase and DNA polymerase
Cloning vectors
Role of vector
© 2022, Aakash BYJU'S. All rights reserved
, Selection using antibiotic
3 resistance and insertional
resistance
Process of rDNA technology 4
Isolation of the DNA
Fragmentations of DNA by RE
Separation and isolation of a desired DNA
fragment
Amplification of gene interest using PCR
Ligation of DNA fragment into a vector
Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host
cell/organism
Culturing the host cells in a nutrient
medium for obtaining foreign gene
product
Extraction of the desired product through
downstream processing
Summary
© 2022, Aakash BYJU'S. All rights reserved
, Biotechnology
● Biotechnology refers to the use of living organisms or their products, to modify
human health and human environment.
● Examples of microbe-mediated processes are making curd, bread or wine and
producing genetically modified organisms.
● Other processes are in vitro fertilisation (test-tube baby), genetic modification,
developing a DNA vaccine.
European Federation of
Biotechnology (EFB):
The integration of natural
science and organisms, cells,
parts thereof, and molecular
analogues for products and
services.
Wine Curd Bread
© 2022, Aakash BYJU'S. All rights reserved
Biotechnology Principles
and Processes
© 2022, Aakash BYJU'S. All rights reserved
, Key Takeaways
Biotechnology 1
Principles
Gene cloning
rDNA technology
2 Tools of rDNA technology
Restriction enzyme
DNA Ligase and DNA polymerase
Cloning vectors
Role of vector
© 2022, Aakash BYJU'S. All rights reserved
, Selection using antibiotic
3 resistance and insertional
resistance
Process of rDNA technology 4
Isolation of the DNA
Fragmentations of DNA by RE
Separation and isolation of a desired DNA
fragment
Amplification of gene interest using PCR
Ligation of DNA fragment into a vector
Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host
cell/organism
Culturing the host cells in a nutrient
medium for obtaining foreign gene
product
Extraction of the desired product through
downstream processing
Summary
© 2022, Aakash BYJU'S. All rights reserved
, Biotechnology
● Biotechnology refers to the use of living organisms or their products, to modify
human health and human environment.
● Examples of microbe-mediated processes are making curd, bread or wine and
producing genetically modified organisms.
● Other processes are in vitro fertilisation (test-tube baby), genetic modification,
developing a DNA vaccine.
European Federation of
Biotechnology (EFB):
The integration of natural
science and organisms, cells,
parts thereof, and molecular
analogues for products and
services.
Wine Curd Bread
© 2022, Aakash BYJU'S. All rights reserved
