ANALYTICAL METHODS OF HEALTHCARE LEADERS D514
FINAL PAPER EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Surveillance records - ✔✔These records are kept and reviewed to maintain health
history on employees who may be exposed to hazardous materials, eliminate causes of
exposure and prevent medical issues from developing. Contribute to worksite health
and safety programs.
✔✔Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MEDPAR) - ✔✔Acute care and skilled
nursing facility claim data on Medicare patients.
✔✔National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB) - ✔✔Database queried as part of physician
credentialing process when applying for medical staff privileges and every two years
afterward. It contains data on medical malpractice, adverse licensure actions,
suspensions, and professional review actions.
✔✔Public Health databases - ✔✔Holds data on incidence and prevalence of diseases;
survival statistics; high-risk populations; and tracks trends over time. Data is gathered
from medical records, surveys, and interviews. National Center for Health Statistics
(NCHS) is responsible for these databases.
✔✔National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) - ✔✔Operates through the Center for
Disease Control (CDC); includes vital statistics data such as birth, death, marriages,
divorces, and fetal deaths.
✔✔National Healthcare Survey - ✔✔Answer key questions of interest to healthcare
policy makers, public health professionals, and researchers. Topics include quality care,
resources, safety, and disparities.
✔✔Relational Databases - ✔✔This is the most common of all the different types of
databases. Data in a relational database is stored in various data tables. Each table has
a key field that is used to connect it to other tables. Hence all the tables are related to
each other through several key fields. Relational databases have advantages because
the data is entered one time, which improves the consistency and quality of data.
Searching can be done across data tables, making it easier to connect information. The
relational database allows the data administrator to control access to certain tables in
order to provide security for the data in the database.
✔✔Flat File Database - ✔✔A flat file database is a database designed around a single
table. The flat file design puts all database information in one table, or list, with fields to
represent all parameters. A flat file may contain many fields, often with duplicate data
that are prone to data corruption. If you decide to merge data between two flat files, you
need to copy and paste relevant information from one file to the other. There is no
, automation between flat files. This opens the possibility of data error when moving data
among files.
✔✔Hierarchical Database Model - ✔✔This type of database structures data similar to
the layout of an organizational chart. It is good for data storage but not versatile. There
is a one-to-many relationship of data. In a hierarchical data model, access to data starts
at the top of the hierarchy and moves downward.
✔✔Object-Oriented Database - ✔✔Object-oriented databases handle text, images,
audio, video, and other objects. In this model, images and other nontext items are
stored as objects with hierarchy and a navigational programming style.
✔✔De-Identified Database - ✔✔You may see this term. It refers to removing all
identifying patient information. No information can be connected back to a specific
patient. It may be used in research to protect participants and human subjects.
✔✔Network Database Model - ✔✔Data is connected through pointers, and unlike the
hierarchical model that has one "parent" to one "child," a "child" can have multiple
"parents." Multiple records can be linked to the same owner. This model is more difficult
to implement and maintain but more flexible than the hierarchical model. It allows many-
to-many relationships.
✔✔Multidimensional Database - ✔✔This is a hybrid between hierarchical and relational,
capturing the benefits of both so that large amounts of data can be processed quickly.
You have the ability to process various data attributes at a time, including within various
hierarchies and levels. If you need large amounts of data in a short time, this database
would be useful to you.
✔✔Transactional Database - ✔✔This is a database management system that has the
capability to roll back or undo a database transaction or operation if it is not completed
appropriately. Although this was a unique capability several decades ago, today, the
majority of relational database systems support transactional database operations.
✔✔Data Warehouses - ✔✔But, they want to be able to share their data among all of
their facilities. They would have a data warehouse into which all of these different
technologies could be loaded, and a common language standard would be used in
order for all of these different systems to "talk" to each other, to "translate" the data into
a common language.
By doing this, data could be pulled from all sources for reports and stats. Data
warehouses are critical to the success of analytics, because they hold huge amounts of
data to be used, and having the common language allows that. It is all very techy on
that end, but makes analytics possible for managers and others running reports at the
operational level.
FINAL PAPER EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Surveillance records - ✔✔These records are kept and reviewed to maintain health
history on employees who may be exposed to hazardous materials, eliminate causes of
exposure and prevent medical issues from developing. Contribute to worksite health
and safety programs.
✔✔Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MEDPAR) - ✔✔Acute care and skilled
nursing facility claim data on Medicare patients.
✔✔National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB) - ✔✔Database queried as part of physician
credentialing process when applying for medical staff privileges and every two years
afterward. It contains data on medical malpractice, adverse licensure actions,
suspensions, and professional review actions.
✔✔Public Health databases - ✔✔Holds data on incidence and prevalence of diseases;
survival statistics; high-risk populations; and tracks trends over time. Data is gathered
from medical records, surveys, and interviews. National Center for Health Statistics
(NCHS) is responsible for these databases.
✔✔National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) - ✔✔Operates through the Center for
Disease Control (CDC); includes vital statistics data such as birth, death, marriages,
divorces, and fetal deaths.
✔✔National Healthcare Survey - ✔✔Answer key questions of interest to healthcare
policy makers, public health professionals, and researchers. Topics include quality care,
resources, safety, and disparities.
✔✔Relational Databases - ✔✔This is the most common of all the different types of
databases. Data in a relational database is stored in various data tables. Each table has
a key field that is used to connect it to other tables. Hence all the tables are related to
each other through several key fields. Relational databases have advantages because
the data is entered one time, which improves the consistency and quality of data.
Searching can be done across data tables, making it easier to connect information. The
relational database allows the data administrator to control access to certain tables in
order to provide security for the data in the database.
✔✔Flat File Database - ✔✔A flat file database is a database designed around a single
table. The flat file design puts all database information in one table, or list, with fields to
represent all parameters. A flat file may contain many fields, often with duplicate data
that are prone to data corruption. If you decide to merge data between two flat files, you
need to copy and paste relevant information from one file to the other. There is no
, automation between flat files. This opens the possibility of data error when moving data
among files.
✔✔Hierarchical Database Model - ✔✔This type of database structures data similar to
the layout of an organizational chart. It is good for data storage but not versatile. There
is a one-to-many relationship of data. In a hierarchical data model, access to data starts
at the top of the hierarchy and moves downward.
✔✔Object-Oriented Database - ✔✔Object-oriented databases handle text, images,
audio, video, and other objects. In this model, images and other nontext items are
stored as objects with hierarchy and a navigational programming style.
✔✔De-Identified Database - ✔✔You may see this term. It refers to removing all
identifying patient information. No information can be connected back to a specific
patient. It may be used in research to protect participants and human subjects.
✔✔Network Database Model - ✔✔Data is connected through pointers, and unlike the
hierarchical model that has one "parent" to one "child," a "child" can have multiple
"parents." Multiple records can be linked to the same owner. This model is more difficult
to implement and maintain but more flexible than the hierarchical model. It allows many-
to-many relationships.
✔✔Multidimensional Database - ✔✔This is a hybrid between hierarchical and relational,
capturing the benefits of both so that large amounts of data can be processed quickly.
You have the ability to process various data attributes at a time, including within various
hierarchies and levels. If you need large amounts of data in a short time, this database
would be useful to you.
✔✔Transactional Database - ✔✔This is a database management system that has the
capability to roll back or undo a database transaction or operation if it is not completed
appropriately. Although this was a unique capability several decades ago, today, the
majority of relational database systems support transactional database operations.
✔✔Data Warehouses - ✔✔But, they want to be able to share their data among all of
their facilities. They would have a data warehouse into which all of these different
technologies could be loaded, and a common language standard would be used in
order for all of these different systems to "talk" to each other, to "translate" the data into
a common language.
By doing this, data could be pulled from all sources for reports and stats. Data
warehouses are critical to the success of analytics, because they hold huge amounts of
data to be used, and having the common language allows that. It is all very techy on
that end, but makes analytics possible for managers and others running reports at the
operational level.
