NUR 445 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 120 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+/ARIZONA
COLLEGE OF NURSING
1. What medication is used to decrease ICP? – ANSWER Mannitol
-osmotic diuretic
-reduces ICP by inducing diuresis (creates an osmotic gradient across the blood-brain
barrier [BBB] and increased serum osmolality -> pulls fluid out of brain cells and shifts it
into the intravascular compartment)
2. What medication would you plan on administering to a patient who is experiencing
bradycardia or heart block? – ANSWER Atropine
-administer over 1 minute
-therapeutic effect desired = increased HR
-rapid administration may be used during cardiac resuscitation (follow with 20 mL saline
flush)
3. A patient suffering from a hypertensive crisis enters the ED. What medication is used
to treat this emergent situation? – ANSWER Nitroprusside
-arteriole vasodilator
-rapidly lowers BP
-decreases preload and afterload
4. What is clonidine used for? – ANSWER lowering of BP
Nitroprusside is the preferred agent if BP needs to be lowered quickly
5. What medication prevents the absorption of ammonia from the GI tract in order to
treat hepatic encephalopathy? – ANSWER Lactulose
-expect more frequent bowel movements
-should see clearing of confusion, apathy, and irritation and improved mental status (24-
48 hours after oral administration)
6. Under what condition would you administer tPA? – ANSWER patient that is suffering
from an ischemic stroke
7. What is mutual support? – ANSWER assisting others
providing feedback
advocacy behaviors when patient safety is threatened
, 8. What is the difference between formal and informal feedback? – ANSWER Formal
should be retrospective and scheduled in advance
Informal occurs in real time and includes huddles/debriefs
9. Explain the phenomenon of alarm fatigue – ANSWER Frequency of alarms becomes
overwhelming, resulting in delayed response to alarms and deliberate alarm
deactivation which may impact patient safety
10. What is the purpose of palliative care? – ANSWER nursing and medical treatments
are combined with control of pain and symptoms
11.What is the CUS method of advocacy? – ANSWER I am concerned
I am uncomfortable
This is a safety issue
12. What does DESC stand for? – ANSWER Describe the situation
Express what you think and feel
Suggest a solution
Consequences if no changes
13. 1What is the normal rate of the SA node, AV node, and ventricular rate? -
ANSWERSA = 60-100
AV = 40-60
Ventricular = 20-40
14. 1What is the normal length of a P wave, QRS complex, and QT interval? -
ANSWERP = 0.12-0.20 sec
QRS = ≤ 0.12 sec
QT = 0.32-0.40 sec
15. What nursing care should be provided to a patient with PACs? – ANSWER Nothing
unless symptomatic
beta blocker, CCB
16. 1What are the causes of asystole? – ANSWER Hs & Ts
Hypovolemia, hypoxemia, hypo/hyperkalemia
Tension pneumo, tamponade, thrombosis
17. What are treatments for asystole? – ANSWER Epi and CPR/ACLS
-Unable to shock because no electrical activity
EXAM COMPLETE 120 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+/ARIZONA
COLLEGE OF NURSING
1. What medication is used to decrease ICP? – ANSWER Mannitol
-osmotic diuretic
-reduces ICP by inducing diuresis (creates an osmotic gradient across the blood-brain
barrier [BBB] and increased serum osmolality -> pulls fluid out of brain cells and shifts it
into the intravascular compartment)
2. What medication would you plan on administering to a patient who is experiencing
bradycardia or heart block? – ANSWER Atropine
-administer over 1 minute
-therapeutic effect desired = increased HR
-rapid administration may be used during cardiac resuscitation (follow with 20 mL saline
flush)
3. A patient suffering from a hypertensive crisis enters the ED. What medication is used
to treat this emergent situation? – ANSWER Nitroprusside
-arteriole vasodilator
-rapidly lowers BP
-decreases preload and afterload
4. What is clonidine used for? – ANSWER lowering of BP
Nitroprusside is the preferred agent if BP needs to be lowered quickly
5. What medication prevents the absorption of ammonia from the GI tract in order to
treat hepatic encephalopathy? – ANSWER Lactulose
-expect more frequent bowel movements
-should see clearing of confusion, apathy, and irritation and improved mental status (24-
48 hours after oral administration)
6. Under what condition would you administer tPA? – ANSWER patient that is suffering
from an ischemic stroke
7. What is mutual support? – ANSWER assisting others
providing feedback
advocacy behaviors when patient safety is threatened
, 8. What is the difference between formal and informal feedback? – ANSWER Formal
should be retrospective and scheduled in advance
Informal occurs in real time and includes huddles/debriefs
9. Explain the phenomenon of alarm fatigue – ANSWER Frequency of alarms becomes
overwhelming, resulting in delayed response to alarms and deliberate alarm
deactivation which may impact patient safety
10. What is the purpose of palliative care? – ANSWER nursing and medical treatments
are combined with control of pain and symptoms
11.What is the CUS method of advocacy? – ANSWER I am concerned
I am uncomfortable
This is a safety issue
12. What does DESC stand for? – ANSWER Describe the situation
Express what you think and feel
Suggest a solution
Consequences if no changes
13. 1What is the normal rate of the SA node, AV node, and ventricular rate? -
ANSWERSA = 60-100
AV = 40-60
Ventricular = 20-40
14. 1What is the normal length of a P wave, QRS complex, and QT interval? -
ANSWERP = 0.12-0.20 sec
QRS = ≤ 0.12 sec
QT = 0.32-0.40 sec
15. What nursing care should be provided to a patient with PACs? – ANSWER Nothing
unless symptomatic
beta blocker, CCB
16. 1What are the causes of asystole? – ANSWER Hs & Ts
Hypovolemia, hypoxemia, hypo/hyperkalemia
Tension pneumo, tamponade, thrombosis
17. What are treatments for asystole? – ANSWER Epi and CPR/ACLS
-Unable to shock because no electrical activity
