8/17/25, 8:31
AM
NRS 340 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Terms in this set (47)
• Increased amount of body water
• Increased fluid intake and excretion
1. What factors make • Greater body surface
children vulnerable to • Greater potential for fluid loss via GI tract & skin
fluid and electrolyte • Increased incidence of fever, URI, gastroenteritis
imbalances?
• Increase metabolic rate
(Differences between
• Immature kidneys
children and adults)
• INTAKE: 0-10
KG= 100ML/KG
2. Calculate 24º intake and 11-20 KG=
output. 50ML/KG
20 +KG= 20 ML/KG
• OUTPUT→ 1-2 ML/KG/HOUR
a. Daily Weights
b. I&O
c. Assess hydration status
d. Lab test: Hct, BUN, creatinine, NA, K, CA
3. What are specific
1/
21
,8/17/25, 8:31
AM
dehydration and e. Acidosis or alkalosis?
excess fluid f. Oral clear liquids as ordered (1-2 oz)
assessments?
g. IV for fluid and electrolyte replacement
h. Ensure child voids prior to vit. K administration
• Tachycardia
• Tachypnea
4. Describe early and late • Hypotension
signs of shock.
• Cool, clammy, or cyanotic skin
5. What are the normal K+ • K=3.5-5.5
and Na levels in • NA= 135-145
children?
• Metabolic acidosis→ drowsiness, confusion,
headache, decreased blood pressure, nausea
6. What are the signs & vomiting, rapid respirations to
and symptoms of compensate
metabolic acidosis, • Metabolic alkalosis→ dizziness,
metabolic alkalosis, and irritability, confusion, tachycardia, nausea
respiratory alkalosis? & vomiting, tetany, tremors, seizures
• Respiratory alkalosis→ lethargy, confusion,
tachycardia, nausea & vomiting,
numbness, seizures
• Diabetes may appear to go away for a
7. In IDDM what is the period of a few months to a year. The
honeymoon period? patient's insulin needs are minimal and some
patients may actually find they can maintain
normal or near normal blood glucose
2/
21
, 8/17/25, 8:31
AM
taking little or no insulin.
• Always give insulin
• Test glucose q 4 hrs
• Test ketones with each voiding
8. How do you care for a • Give calorie-containing liquids in place of solid foods
child with IDDM who is (Gatorade)
ill?
• Follow usual meal plan (hospitalize if not able to
retain fluids and food)
• Rest
• Notify MD
9. What is a normal • Fasting = <126mg/dl
blood glucose level for • Not fasting= <200 mg/dl
a child with IDDM?
How does this differ
from adults?
• HYPOGLYCEMIA→ SHAKINESS, IRRITABILITY,
10. What are the signs and SWEATINESS, SLEEPINESS, EXTREME HUNGER,
symptoms of AND MILD CONFUSION. PARENTS SHOULD
hypoglycemia and ALWAYS CARRY A SUGAR SOURCE
hyperglycemia in • HYPERGLYCEMIA→ POLYURIA,
children? POLYDIPSIA, POLYPHAGIA, AND
UNINTENDED WEIGHT LOSS, FATIGUE
11. When does blood • Before meals, before bedtime snack,
glucose monitoring occur between midnight and 4 am, and when
in children? hypoglycemia is suspected
3/
21
AM
NRS 340 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Terms in this set (47)
• Increased amount of body water
• Increased fluid intake and excretion
1. What factors make • Greater body surface
children vulnerable to • Greater potential for fluid loss via GI tract & skin
fluid and electrolyte • Increased incidence of fever, URI, gastroenteritis
imbalances?
• Increase metabolic rate
(Differences between
• Immature kidneys
children and adults)
• INTAKE: 0-10
KG= 100ML/KG
2. Calculate 24º intake and 11-20 KG=
output. 50ML/KG
20 +KG= 20 ML/KG
• OUTPUT→ 1-2 ML/KG/HOUR
a. Daily Weights
b. I&O
c. Assess hydration status
d. Lab test: Hct, BUN, creatinine, NA, K, CA
3. What are specific
1/
21
,8/17/25, 8:31
AM
dehydration and e. Acidosis or alkalosis?
excess fluid f. Oral clear liquids as ordered (1-2 oz)
assessments?
g. IV for fluid and electrolyte replacement
h. Ensure child voids prior to vit. K administration
• Tachycardia
• Tachypnea
4. Describe early and late • Hypotension
signs of shock.
• Cool, clammy, or cyanotic skin
5. What are the normal K+ • K=3.5-5.5
and Na levels in • NA= 135-145
children?
• Metabolic acidosis→ drowsiness, confusion,
headache, decreased blood pressure, nausea
6. What are the signs & vomiting, rapid respirations to
and symptoms of compensate
metabolic acidosis, • Metabolic alkalosis→ dizziness,
metabolic alkalosis, and irritability, confusion, tachycardia, nausea
respiratory alkalosis? & vomiting, tetany, tremors, seizures
• Respiratory alkalosis→ lethargy, confusion,
tachycardia, nausea & vomiting,
numbness, seizures
• Diabetes may appear to go away for a
7. In IDDM what is the period of a few months to a year. The
honeymoon period? patient's insulin needs are minimal and some
patients may actually find they can maintain
normal or near normal blood glucose
2/
21
, 8/17/25, 8:31
AM
taking little or no insulin.
• Always give insulin
• Test glucose q 4 hrs
• Test ketones with each voiding
8. How do you care for a • Give calorie-containing liquids in place of solid foods
child with IDDM who is (Gatorade)
ill?
• Follow usual meal plan (hospitalize if not able to
retain fluids and food)
• Rest
• Notify MD
9. What is a normal • Fasting = <126mg/dl
blood glucose level for • Not fasting= <200 mg/dl
a child with IDDM?
How does this differ
from adults?
• HYPOGLYCEMIA→ SHAKINESS, IRRITABILITY,
10. What are the signs and SWEATINESS, SLEEPINESS, EXTREME HUNGER,
symptoms of AND MILD CONFUSION. PARENTS SHOULD
hypoglycemia and ALWAYS CARRY A SUGAR SOURCE
hyperglycemia in • HYPERGLYCEMIA→ POLYURIA,
children? POLYDIPSIA, POLYPHAGIA, AND
UNINTENDED WEIGHT LOSS, FATIGUE
11. When does blood • Before meals, before bedtime snack,
glucose monitoring occur between midnight and 4 am, and when
in children? hypoglycemia is suspected
3/
21
