UF BSC 2010 Exam 3 Ques ons and answers newest
RATED A+ 2025/2026
parsimony principle - Correct Answers 1.) simplest explana on
2.) tree with the fewest character transi on
3.) fewest homoplasies
ar ficial selec on - Correct Answers 1.) breeding for desirable traits
2.) humans determine an organisms fitness through selec ve breeding
natural selec on - Correct Answers 1.) differen al reproduc ve success of certain individuals
with more or less desirable traits
2.) acts on heritable varia on in a way that favors the traits that lead to reproduc ve fitness and
promotes adap ve evolu on
3.) only acts on exis ng varia on
4.) DOES NOT act on genotypes, favor the perfect phenotype, or create gene c varia on
heritable - Correct Answers can be passed from parent to offspring
differen al reproduc ve success (DRS) - Correct Answers individuals with more desirable
traits will be more likely to pass those traits to future genera ons
evolu on - Correct Answers changes in biological popula ons (NOT individuals) over me
3 things necessary for natural selec on to occur - Correct Answers 1.) Varia on in the trait
2.) Heritability
3.) Impact on reproduc ve success
,gene pool - Correct Answers sum of all of the alleles for a par cular locus in a popula on
adapta on - Correct Answers 1.) beneficial muta on favored by natural selec on
2.) refers to both the favored trait and the process by which the trait emerges in the popula on
muta on - Correct Answers change in the nucleo de sequence (random)
2 sources of phenotypic varia on - Correct Answers V(g) - gene c varia on
V(e) = environmental varia on
V(p) = V(g) + V(e)
heritability - Correct Answers 1.) (h^2) = V(g)/V(p)
2.) Frac on of variability NOT frac on of trait that is gene c
parent-offspring regression line - Correct Answers relates traits of offspring to biological
parents
ex: slope 0f 0.5 -> 1/2 of the variability is due to the parents
Breeder's equa on - Correct Answers 1.) quan fy response to natural selec on in terms of
heritability and selec on differen al (S)
2.) R = (h^2)(S)
selec on differen al (S) - Correct Answers measure of the intensity of selec on on a
par cular trait
, fitness - Correct Answers genotype and phenotype's contribu on to the gene c composi on
of future genera ons; which organisms are more likely to survive AND reproduce
Direc onal selec on - Correct Answers one extreme phenotype is the fi>est
mean changes, variance does not
ex: TX longhorns
Stabilizing selec on - Correct Answers 1.) aka purifying selec on
2.) stabilize around intermediate trait as gene c varia on decreases
3.) Fitness is highest at average phenotype
4) mean doesnt change, variance changes
ex: human birth weight
Disrup ve selec on - Correct Answers 1.) trait tends toward BOTH extremes
2.) Causes the emergence of two species
3.) bimodal distribu on leads to eventual sympatric specia on
4.) rarest of all the selec ons
ex: bird beaks
frequency-dependent selec on (FDS) - Correct Answers occurs when a phenotype's fitness
depends on how common it is in the popula on
posi ve FDS - Correct Answers most common phenotype is favored
nega ve FDS - Correct Answers rare phenotype is favored in the poula on
RATED A+ 2025/2026
parsimony principle - Correct Answers 1.) simplest explana on
2.) tree with the fewest character transi on
3.) fewest homoplasies
ar ficial selec on - Correct Answers 1.) breeding for desirable traits
2.) humans determine an organisms fitness through selec ve breeding
natural selec on - Correct Answers 1.) differen al reproduc ve success of certain individuals
with more or less desirable traits
2.) acts on heritable varia on in a way that favors the traits that lead to reproduc ve fitness and
promotes adap ve evolu on
3.) only acts on exis ng varia on
4.) DOES NOT act on genotypes, favor the perfect phenotype, or create gene c varia on
heritable - Correct Answers can be passed from parent to offspring
differen al reproduc ve success (DRS) - Correct Answers individuals with more desirable
traits will be more likely to pass those traits to future genera ons
evolu on - Correct Answers changes in biological popula ons (NOT individuals) over me
3 things necessary for natural selec on to occur - Correct Answers 1.) Varia on in the trait
2.) Heritability
3.) Impact on reproduc ve success
,gene pool - Correct Answers sum of all of the alleles for a par cular locus in a popula on
adapta on - Correct Answers 1.) beneficial muta on favored by natural selec on
2.) refers to both the favored trait and the process by which the trait emerges in the popula on
muta on - Correct Answers change in the nucleo de sequence (random)
2 sources of phenotypic varia on - Correct Answers V(g) - gene c varia on
V(e) = environmental varia on
V(p) = V(g) + V(e)
heritability - Correct Answers 1.) (h^2) = V(g)/V(p)
2.) Frac on of variability NOT frac on of trait that is gene c
parent-offspring regression line - Correct Answers relates traits of offspring to biological
parents
ex: slope 0f 0.5 -> 1/2 of the variability is due to the parents
Breeder's equa on - Correct Answers 1.) quan fy response to natural selec on in terms of
heritability and selec on differen al (S)
2.) R = (h^2)(S)
selec on differen al (S) - Correct Answers measure of the intensity of selec on on a
par cular trait
, fitness - Correct Answers genotype and phenotype's contribu on to the gene c composi on
of future genera ons; which organisms are more likely to survive AND reproduce
Direc onal selec on - Correct Answers one extreme phenotype is the fi>est
mean changes, variance does not
ex: TX longhorns
Stabilizing selec on - Correct Answers 1.) aka purifying selec on
2.) stabilize around intermediate trait as gene c varia on decreases
3.) Fitness is highest at average phenotype
4) mean doesnt change, variance changes
ex: human birth weight
Disrup ve selec on - Correct Answers 1.) trait tends toward BOTH extremes
2.) Causes the emergence of two species
3.) bimodal distribu on leads to eventual sympatric specia on
4.) rarest of all the selec ons
ex: bird beaks
frequency-dependent selec on (FDS) - Correct Answers occurs when a phenotype's fitness
depends on how common it is in the popula on
posi ve FDS - Correct Answers most common phenotype is favored
nega ve FDS - Correct Answers rare phenotype is favored in the poula on
