Chapter1101:11Health11Defined:11Objectives11for11Promotion11and11Prev
ention11Edelman:11Health11Promotion11Throughout11the11Life11Span,1
18th11Edition
MULTIPLE11CHOICE
1. Which11model11of11health11is11most11likely11used11by11a11person11who11does11not11believe11in11preventive11h
ealth11care?
a. Clinical11model
b. Role11performance11model
c. Adaptive11model
d. Eudaimonistic11 model
ANS:1 1 A
The11clinical11model11of11health11views11the11absence11of11signs11and11symptoms11of11disease11as11indicative
11of11health.11People11who11use11this11model11wait11until11they11are11very11sick11to11seek11care.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Remember11(Knowledge) REF: p.113
2. A11person11with11chronic11back11pain11is11cared11for11by11her11primary11care11provider11
as11well11as11receives11acupuncture.11Which11model11of11health11does11this11person11lik
ely11favor?
a. Clinical11model
b. Role11performance11model
c. Adaptive11model
d. Eudaimonistic11 model
ANS:1 1 D
The11eudaimonistic11model11embodies11the11interaction11and11interrelationships11among11physical,11social,11
psychological,11and11spiritual11aspects11of11life11and11the11environment11in11goal11attainment11and11creating
11meaning11in11life.11Practitioners11who11practice11the11clinical11model11may11not11be11enough11for11someo
ne11who11believes11in11the11eudaimonistic11model.11Those11who11believe11in11the11eudaimonistic11model11o
ften11look11for11alternative11providers11of11care.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.113
3. A11state11of11physical,11mental,11spiritual,11and11social11functioning11that11realizes11a11person‘s
11potential11and11is11experienced11within11a11developmental11context11is11known11as:
a. growth11and11development.
b. health.
c. functioning.
d. high-level11 wellness.
ANS:1 1 B
Health11is11defined11as11a11state11of11physical,11mental,11spiritual,11and11social11functioning11that11realizes11a1
1person‘s11potential11and11is11experienced11within11a11developmental11context.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Remember11(Knowledge) REF: p.115
4. Which11of11the11following11best11describes11a11client11who11has11an11illness?
a. Someone11who11has11well-controlled11diabetes
b. Someone11with11hypercholesterolemia
c. Someone11with11a11headache
d. Someone11with11coronary11artery11disease11w
ithout11angina11ANS:1 1 C
, Someone11with11a11headache11represents11a11person11with11an11illness.11An11illness11is11made11up11of11the1
1subjective11experience11of11the11individual11and11the11physical11manifestation11of11disease.11It11can11be11d
escribed11as11a11response11characterized11by11a11mismatch11between11a11person‘s11needs11and11the11resourc
es11available11to11meet11those11needs.11A11person11can11have11a11disease11without11feeling11ill.11The11other1
1choices11represent11disease.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Analyze11(Analysis) REF: p.116
5. Which11US11report11is11considered11a11landmark11document11in11creating11a11global11approach11to11health?
a. The11199011Health11Objectives11for11the11Nation:11A11Midcourse11Review
b. Healthy11People112020
c. Healthy11People112000
d. The11U.S.11Surgeon11General11Report
ANS:1 1 C
Healthy11People11200011and11its11Midcourse11Review11and11199511Revisions11were11landmark11document
s11in11which11a11consortium11of11people11representing11national11organizations11worked11with11US11Public
11Health11Service11officials11to11create11a11more11global11approach11to11health.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Remember11(Knowledge) REF: p.116
6. Which11of11the11following11represents11a11method11of11primary11prevention?
a. Informational11session11about11healthy11lifestyles
b. Blood11pressure11screening
c. Interventional11cardiac11catheterization
d. Diagnostic11cardiac11catheterization
ANS:1 1 A
Primary11prevention11precedes11disease11or11dysfunction.11It11includes11health11promotion11and11specific11prot
ection11and11encourages11increased11awareness;11thus,11education11about11healthy11lifestyles11fits11this11defin
ition.11Blood11pressure11screening11does11not11prevent11disease,11but11instead11identifies11it.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1111
7. Which11of11the11following11represents11a11method11of11secondary11prevention?
a. Self–breast11examination11education
b. Yearly11mammograms
c. Chemotherapy11for11advanced11breast11cancer
d. Complete11mastectomy11for11breast11cancer
ANS:1 1 B
Screening11is11secondary11prevention11because11the11principal11goal11of11screenings11is11to11identify11individ
uals11in11an11early,11detectable11stage11of11the11disease11process.11A11mammogram11is11a11screening11tool11
for11breast11cancer11and11thus11is11considered11a11method11of11secondary11prevention.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1115
8. Which11of11the11following11represents11a11method11of11tertiary11prevention?
a. Drunk11driving11campaign
b. Road11blocks11for11drunk11driving
c. Emergency11surgery11for11head11trauma11after11a11motor11vehicle11accident
d. Physical11and11occupational11therapy11after11a11motor11vehicle11accident
11with11head11trauma11ANS:1 1 D
, Physical11therapy11and11occupational11therapy11are11considered11tertiary11prevention.11Tertiary11prevention11
occurs11when11a11defect11or11disability11is11permanent11and11irreversible.11It11involves11minimizing11the11ef
fect11of11disease11and11disability.11The11objective11of11tertiary11prevention11is11to11maximize11remaining11c
apacities.
DIF:1 1 1 1 Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1115
9. In11reviewing11a11person‘s11medical11claims,11a11nurse11realizes11that11the11individual11with11moderate11per
sistent11asthma11has11had11several11emergency11department11visits11and11is11not11on11inhaled11steroids11as
11recommended11by11the11NHLBI11asthma11management11guidelines.11The11nurse11discusses11this11with11
the11person‘s11primary11care11provider.11In11this11scenario,11the11nurse11is11acting11as11a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care11manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:1 1 B
Care11managers11act11to11prevent11duplication11of11service11and11reduce11cost.11Care11managers11base11
recommendation1 1 on11reliable11data11sources11such11as11evidence-based11practices11and11protocols.
DIF:1 1 1 1 Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1115
10. During11a11home11visit,11a11nurse11assists11an11individual11to11complete11an11application11for11disability1
1services.11The11nurse11is11acting11as11a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care11manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:1 1 A
The11advocacy11role11of11the11nurse11helps11individuals11obtain11what11they11are11entitled11to11receive11
from11the11health11care11system,11tries11to11make11the11system11more11responsive11to11individuals‘11com
munity11needs,11and11assists11individuals11in11developing11skills11to11advocate11for11themselves.
DIF:1 1 1 1 Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1115
11. During11a11home11visit,11a11nurse11discusses11the11dangers11of11smoking11with11an11individual.11In11thi
s11scenario11the11nurse11is11acting11as11a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care11manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:1 1 D
Health11education11is11a11primary11prevention11technique11available11to11avoid11major11causes11of11dise
ase.11Teaching11can11range11from11a11chance11remark11to11a11planned11lesson.
DIF:1 1 1 1 Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1116
12. A11nurse11is11asked11to11provide11an11expert11opinion11about11the11development11of11an11edu
cation11program11for11newly11diagnosed11diabetics.11In11this11scenario,11the11nurse11is11actin
g11as11a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care11manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
, ANS:1 1 C
Nurses11with11a11specialized11area11of11expertise11provide11education11about11health11promotion11and11disease
11prevention11to11individuals11and11groups11as11consultants.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1116
13. A11nurse11is11planning11to11deliver11an11educational11program11to11individuals11with11diabet
es.11Which11of11the11following11should11be11the11initial11action11taken11by11the11nurse11to1
1ensure11the11success11of11the11program?
a. Assess11the11motivation11level11of11the11individuals
b. Assess11the11knowledge11level11of11the11individuals
c. Establish11teacher-learner11goals11with11the11individuals
d. Establish11multiple11teaching11sessions11with11the11individuals
ANS:1 1 B
Selection11of11the11methods11most11likely11to11succeed11involves11the11establishment11of11teacher-
learner11goals.11Thus,11the11first11step11by11the11nurse11should11be11establishment11of11goals.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Analyze11(Analysis) REF: p.1116
14. The11conscientious,11explicit,11and11judicious11use11of11current11best11evidence11in11making11decision
s11about11the11care11of11individuals11is11known11as:
a. health-related11quality11of11life.
b. evidence-based11 practice.
c. a11Healthy11People11201011goal.
d. the11ecological11model11of11health.
ANS:1 1 B
Evidence-
based11practice11is11defined11as11the11conscientious,11explicit,11and11judicious11use11of11current11best11evidenc
e11in11making11decisions11about11the11care11of11individuals.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Remember11(Knowledge) REF: p.1116
15. Which11research11methodology11should11be11used11to11address11the11question,11―What11is11the11dif
ference11in11the11infection11rates11between11individuals11who11receive11twice-a-
day11dressing11changes11versus11once-a-day11dressing11changes?‖
a. Evidence-based11practice11research
b. Qualitative11research
c. Quantitative11 research
d. Clinical11judgment11research
ANS:1 1 C
Quantitative11research11studies11describe11situations,11correlate11different11variables11related11to11care,11or
11test11causal11relationships11among11variables11related11to11care.11Evidence-
based11practice11research11and11clinical11judgment11research11are11not11research11methodologies;11they11ar
e11used11to11answer11clinical11questions.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1116
16. The11question,11―What11is11the11experience11of11teenagers11who11lose11a11sibling11to11cancer?‖11can11
best11be11answered11by11using11which11research11methodology?
a. Evidence-based11practice11research
b. Qualitative11research
c. Quantitative11 research
d. Clinical11judgment11resear
ch11ANS:11B
ention11Edelman:11Health11Promotion11Throughout11the11Life11Span,1
18th11Edition
MULTIPLE11CHOICE
1. Which11model11of11health11is11most11likely11used11by11a11person11who11does11not11believe11in11preventive11h
ealth11care?
a. Clinical11model
b. Role11performance11model
c. Adaptive11model
d. Eudaimonistic11 model
ANS:1 1 A
The11clinical11model11of11health11views11the11absence11of11signs11and11symptoms11of11disease11as11indicative
11of11health.11People11who11use11this11model11wait11until11they11are11very11sick11to11seek11care.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Remember11(Knowledge) REF: p.113
2. A11person11with11chronic11back11pain11is11cared11for11by11her11primary11care11provider11
as11well11as11receives11acupuncture.11Which11model11of11health11does11this11person11lik
ely11favor?
a. Clinical11model
b. Role11performance11model
c. Adaptive11model
d. Eudaimonistic11 model
ANS:1 1 D
The11eudaimonistic11model11embodies11the11interaction11and11interrelationships11among11physical,11social,11
psychological,11and11spiritual11aspects11of11life11and11the11environment11in11goal11attainment11and11creating
11meaning11in11life.11Practitioners11who11practice11the11clinical11model11may11not11be11enough11for11someo
ne11who11believes11in11the11eudaimonistic11model.11Those11who11believe11in11the11eudaimonistic11model11o
ften11look11for11alternative11providers11of11care.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.113
3. A11state11of11physical,11mental,11spiritual,11and11social11functioning11that11realizes11a11person‘s
11potential11and11is11experienced11within11a11developmental11context11is11known11as:
a. growth11and11development.
b. health.
c. functioning.
d. high-level11 wellness.
ANS:1 1 B
Health11is11defined11as11a11state11of11physical,11mental,11spiritual,11and11social11functioning11that11realizes11a1
1person‘s11potential11and11is11experienced11within11a11developmental11context.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Remember11(Knowledge) REF: p.115
4. Which11of11the11following11best11describes11a11client11who11has11an11illness?
a. Someone11who11has11well-controlled11diabetes
b. Someone11with11hypercholesterolemia
c. Someone11with11a11headache
d. Someone11with11coronary11artery11disease11w
ithout11angina11ANS:1 1 C
, Someone11with11a11headache11represents11a11person11with11an11illness.11An11illness11is11made11up11of11the1
1subjective11experience11of11the11individual11and11the11physical11manifestation11of11disease.11It11can11be11d
escribed11as11a11response11characterized11by11a11mismatch11between11a11person‘s11needs11and11the11resourc
es11available11to11meet11those11needs.11A11person11can11have11a11disease11without11feeling11ill.11The11other1
1choices11represent11disease.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Analyze11(Analysis) REF: p.116
5. Which11US11report11is11considered11a11landmark11document11in11creating11a11global11approach11to11health?
a. The11199011Health11Objectives11for11the11Nation:11A11Midcourse11Review
b. Healthy11People112020
c. Healthy11People112000
d. The11U.S.11Surgeon11General11Report
ANS:1 1 C
Healthy11People11200011and11its11Midcourse11Review11and11199511Revisions11were11landmark11document
s11in11which11a11consortium11of11people11representing11national11organizations11worked11with11US11Public
11Health11Service11officials11to11create11a11more11global11approach11to11health.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Remember11(Knowledge) REF: p.116
6. Which11of11the11following11represents11a11method11of11primary11prevention?
a. Informational11session11about11healthy11lifestyles
b. Blood11pressure11screening
c. Interventional11cardiac11catheterization
d. Diagnostic11cardiac11catheterization
ANS:1 1 A
Primary11prevention11precedes11disease11or11dysfunction.11It11includes11health11promotion11and11specific11prot
ection11and11encourages11increased11awareness;11thus,11education11about11healthy11lifestyles11fits11this11defin
ition.11Blood11pressure11screening11does11not11prevent11disease,11but11instead11identifies11it.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1111
7. Which11of11the11following11represents11a11method11of11secondary11prevention?
a. Self–breast11examination11education
b. Yearly11mammograms
c. Chemotherapy11for11advanced11breast11cancer
d. Complete11mastectomy11for11breast11cancer
ANS:1 1 B
Screening11is11secondary11prevention11because11the11principal11goal11of11screenings11is11to11identify11individ
uals11in11an11early,11detectable11stage11of11the11disease11process.11A11mammogram11is11a11screening11tool11
for11breast11cancer11and11thus11is11considered11a11method11of11secondary11prevention.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1115
8. Which11of11the11following11represents11a11method11of11tertiary11prevention?
a. Drunk11driving11campaign
b. Road11blocks11for11drunk11driving
c. Emergency11surgery11for11head11trauma11after11a11motor11vehicle11accident
d. Physical11and11occupational11therapy11after11a11motor11vehicle11accident
11with11head11trauma11ANS:1 1 D
, Physical11therapy11and11occupational11therapy11are11considered11tertiary11prevention.11Tertiary11prevention11
occurs11when11a11defect11or11disability11is11permanent11and11irreversible.11It11involves11minimizing11the11ef
fect11of11disease11and11disability.11The11objective11of11tertiary11prevention11is11to11maximize11remaining11c
apacities.
DIF:1 1 1 1 Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1115
9. In11reviewing11a11person‘s11medical11claims,11a11nurse11realizes11that11the11individual11with11moderate11per
sistent11asthma11has11had11several11emergency11department11visits11and11is11not11on11inhaled11steroids11as
11recommended11by11the11NHLBI11asthma11management11guidelines.11The11nurse11discusses11this11with11
the11person‘s11primary11care11provider.11In11this11scenario,11the11nurse11is11acting11as11a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care11manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:1 1 B
Care11managers11act11to11prevent11duplication11of11service11and11reduce11cost.11Care11managers11base11
recommendation1 1 on11reliable11data11sources11such11as11evidence-based11practices11and11protocols.
DIF:1 1 1 1 Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1115
10. During11a11home11visit,11a11nurse11assists11an11individual11to11complete11an11application11for11disability1
1services.11The11nurse11is11acting11as11a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care11manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:1 1 A
The11advocacy11role11of11the11nurse11helps11individuals11obtain11what11they11are11entitled11to11receive11
from11the11health11care11system,11tries11to11make11the11system11more11responsive11to11individuals‘11com
munity11needs,11and11assists11individuals11in11developing11skills11to11advocate11for11themselves.
DIF:1 1 1 1 Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1115
11. During11a11home11visit,11a11nurse11discusses11the11dangers11of11smoking11with11an11individual.11In11thi
s11scenario11the11nurse11is11acting11as11a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care11manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS:1 1 D
Health11education11is11a11primary11prevention11technique11available11to11avoid11major11causes11of11dise
ase.11Teaching11can11range11from11a11chance11remark11to11a11planned11lesson.
DIF:1 1 1 1 Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1116
12. A11nurse11is11asked11to11provide11an11expert11opinion11about11the11development11of11an11edu
cation11program11for11newly11diagnosed11diabetics.11In11this11scenario,11the11nurse11is11actin
g11as11a(n):
a. advocate.
b. care11manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
, ANS:1 1 C
Nurses11with11a11specialized11area11of11expertise11provide11education11about11health11promotion11and11disease
11prevention11to11individuals11and11groups11as11consultants.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1116
13. A11nurse11is11planning11to11deliver11an11educational11program11to11individuals11with11diabet
es.11Which11of11the11following11should11be11the11initial11action11taken11by11the11nurse11to1
1ensure11the11success11of11the11program?
a. Assess11the11motivation11level11of11the11individuals
b. Assess11the11knowledge11level11of11the11individuals
c. Establish11teacher-learner11goals11with11the11individuals
d. Establish11multiple11teaching11sessions11with11the11individuals
ANS:1 1 B
Selection11of11the11methods11most11likely11to11succeed11involves11the11establishment11of11teacher-
learner11goals.11Thus,11the11first11step11by11the11nurse11should11be11establishment11of11goals.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Analyze11(Analysis) REF: p.1116
14. The11conscientious,11explicit,11and11judicious11use11of11current11best11evidence11in11making11decision
s11about11the11care11of11individuals11is11known11as:
a. health-related11quality11of11life.
b. evidence-based11 practice.
c. a11Healthy11People11201011goal.
d. the11ecological11model11of11health.
ANS:1 1 B
Evidence-
based11practice11is11defined11as11the11conscientious,11explicit,11and11judicious11use11of11current11best11evidenc
e11in11making11decisions11about11the11care11of11individuals.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Remember11(Knowledge) REF: p.1116
15. Which11research11methodology11should11be11used11to11address11the11question,11―What11is11the11dif
ference11in11the11infection11rates11between11individuals11who11receive11twice-a-
day11dressing11changes11versus11once-a-day11dressing11changes?‖
a. Evidence-based11practice11research
b. Qualitative11research
c. Quantitative11 research
d. Clinical11judgment11research
ANS:1 1 C
Quantitative11research11studies11describe11situations,11correlate11different11variables11related11to11care,11or
11test11causal11relationships11among11variables11related11to11care.11Evidence-
based11practice11research11and11clinical11judgment11research11are11not11research11methodologies;11they11ar
e11used11to11answer11clinical11questions.
DIF: Cognitive11Level:11Apply11(Application) REF: p.1116
16. The11question,11―What11is11the11experience11of11teenagers11who11lose11a11sibling11to11cancer?‖11can11
best11be11answered11by11using11which11research11methodology?
a. Evidence-based11practice11research
b. Qualitative11research
c. Quantitative11 research
d. Clinical11judgment11resear
ch11ANS:11B
