1
WGU C175 OR D426 DATA MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS OA
EXAM LATEST 2025 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS BEST GRADE A+
A table is perceived as a ______. - -answer--Two-dimensional structure
A table can be logically connected to another table by defining a _____. - -answer--common
attribute
We can describe a link by observing that ____. - -answer--A primary key of one table appears
again as a foreign key in a related table
An attribute (or group of attributes) that uniquely identifies each entity in a table is called: - -
answer--A superkey
Actions to Correct Referential Integrity Violation - -answer--1. RESTRICT - rejects an insert,
update, or delete 2. SET NULL - sets invalid foreign keys to null 3. SET DEFAULT - sets invalid
foreign keys to a default primary value 4. CASCADE - propagates primary key changes to foreign
keys.
Important aspect of Referential Integrity - -answer--Reference to data in one relation is based on
values in another relation.
Broad definition of data - -answer--Raw facts captured on printed or digital media.
, 2
Data - -answer--Facts that are collected and stored in a database system.
Determining characteristic of unstructured data - -answer--It does not follow a data model.
Flat files - -answer--They contain no internal hierarchical organization.
Data retrieval before database management systems - -answer--Sequentially from simple files.
Primary Key - -answer--An attribute or group of attributes that uniquely identify a tuple in a
relation.
Foreign Key matching - -answer--A domain of values is necessary for a primary key in one
relation of a database to match with its corresponding foreign key in another relation of the
same database.
Alternate Key - -answer--What uniquely identifies each entity in a collection of entities but is not
the primary key.
Candidate Key - -answer--A set of columns in a table that can uniquely identify any record in
that table without referring to other data.
Database indexing - -answer--The original data is copied to the index.
Indexes in physical database design - -answer--To retrieve data DIRECTLY using a pointer.
Index creation on a database column - -answer--To optimize data retrievals.
, 3
Functional Dependency - -answer--Each value of a column relates to at MOST one value of
another column.
Rules/Appearance of First Normal Form - -answer--- All non-key columns depend on primary key
- Each table cell contains one value - A table with no duplicate rows.
Rules/Appearance of Second Normal Form - -answer--- When all non-key columns depend on
the WHOLE primary key - Must be in 1NF - Non-key column can not depend on just one part of a
composite key - a single primary key is automatically in 2NF.
Rules/Appearance of Third Normal Form - -answer--- All non-key columns depend ONLY on the
primary key - Tables are totally free of data redundancy.
Differences between operational and analytical databases - -answer--- Volatility - Detail - Scope -
History.
Volatility - -answer--Database updates in real time. Operational Data is Volatile. Analytical Data
is NOT Volatile.
Detail in databases - -answer--- A database that keeps record of individual transactions; line
items - Operational: Detailed - Analytical: Detailed.
Scope in databases - -answer--- How far a database can reach - Operational: incompatible -
Analytical: Enterprise-Wide/Summary.
History in databases - -answer--- Whether DB is current or tracks all data - Operational: Current
only - Analytical: Tracks trends.
, 4
Data warehouse refresh process - -answer--1. Extraction 2. Cleanse 3. Integrate 4. Restructure 5.
Load.
Extraction in ETL - -answer--Data extracted and put into staging area.
Cleanse in ETL - -answer--Errors are eliminated from data; standard abbreviations applied.
Integrate in ETL - -answer--Data is put into a uniform structure; Data converted to uniform
structure.
Restructure in ETL - -answer--Data is structured in a design that is optimal for analysis.
Load in ETL - -answer--Data is loaded to the data warehouse.
Issue focused on 'Load' component of ETL - -answer--Monitor refreshing volume and frequency.
Step in ETL Process where raw data is aggregated - -answer--Transformation steps.
Data mining activities - -answer--1. Clustering & Segmentation 2. Classification 3. Estimation 4.
Prediction 5. Affinity Grouping 6. Description.
Clustering & Segmentation - -answer--Taking large entity and dividing into smaller groups of
entities. Useful when unsure of what looking for.
Classification (Data Mining) - -answer--Organizing data into predefined classes.
Estimation (Data Mining) - -answer--Assigning a numeric value to an object.
WGU C175 OR D426 DATA MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS OA
EXAM LATEST 2025 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS BEST GRADE A+
A table is perceived as a ______. - -answer--Two-dimensional structure
A table can be logically connected to another table by defining a _____. - -answer--common
attribute
We can describe a link by observing that ____. - -answer--A primary key of one table appears
again as a foreign key in a related table
An attribute (or group of attributes) that uniquely identifies each entity in a table is called: - -
answer--A superkey
Actions to Correct Referential Integrity Violation - -answer--1. RESTRICT - rejects an insert,
update, or delete 2. SET NULL - sets invalid foreign keys to null 3. SET DEFAULT - sets invalid
foreign keys to a default primary value 4. CASCADE - propagates primary key changes to foreign
keys.
Important aspect of Referential Integrity - -answer--Reference to data in one relation is based on
values in another relation.
Broad definition of data - -answer--Raw facts captured on printed or digital media.
, 2
Data - -answer--Facts that are collected and stored in a database system.
Determining characteristic of unstructured data - -answer--It does not follow a data model.
Flat files - -answer--They contain no internal hierarchical organization.
Data retrieval before database management systems - -answer--Sequentially from simple files.
Primary Key - -answer--An attribute or group of attributes that uniquely identify a tuple in a
relation.
Foreign Key matching - -answer--A domain of values is necessary for a primary key in one
relation of a database to match with its corresponding foreign key in another relation of the
same database.
Alternate Key - -answer--What uniquely identifies each entity in a collection of entities but is not
the primary key.
Candidate Key - -answer--A set of columns in a table that can uniquely identify any record in
that table without referring to other data.
Database indexing - -answer--The original data is copied to the index.
Indexes in physical database design - -answer--To retrieve data DIRECTLY using a pointer.
Index creation on a database column - -answer--To optimize data retrievals.
, 3
Functional Dependency - -answer--Each value of a column relates to at MOST one value of
another column.
Rules/Appearance of First Normal Form - -answer--- All non-key columns depend on primary key
- Each table cell contains one value - A table with no duplicate rows.
Rules/Appearance of Second Normal Form - -answer--- When all non-key columns depend on
the WHOLE primary key - Must be in 1NF - Non-key column can not depend on just one part of a
composite key - a single primary key is automatically in 2NF.
Rules/Appearance of Third Normal Form - -answer--- All non-key columns depend ONLY on the
primary key - Tables are totally free of data redundancy.
Differences between operational and analytical databases - -answer--- Volatility - Detail - Scope -
History.
Volatility - -answer--Database updates in real time. Operational Data is Volatile. Analytical Data
is NOT Volatile.
Detail in databases - -answer--- A database that keeps record of individual transactions; line
items - Operational: Detailed - Analytical: Detailed.
Scope in databases - -answer--- How far a database can reach - Operational: incompatible -
Analytical: Enterprise-Wide/Summary.
History in databases - -answer--- Whether DB is current or tracks all data - Operational: Current
only - Analytical: Tracks trends.
, 4
Data warehouse refresh process - -answer--1. Extraction 2. Cleanse 3. Integrate 4. Restructure 5.
Load.
Extraction in ETL - -answer--Data extracted and put into staging area.
Cleanse in ETL - -answer--Errors are eliminated from data; standard abbreviations applied.
Integrate in ETL - -answer--Data is put into a uniform structure; Data converted to uniform
structure.
Restructure in ETL - -answer--Data is structured in a design that is optimal for analysis.
Load in ETL - -answer--Data is loaded to the data warehouse.
Issue focused on 'Load' component of ETL - -answer--Monitor refreshing volume and frequency.
Step in ETL Process where raw data is aggregated - -answer--Transformation steps.
Data mining activities - -answer--1. Clustering & Segmentation 2. Classification 3. Estimation 4.
Prediction 5. Affinity Grouping 6. Description.
Clustering & Segmentation - -answer--Taking large entity and dividing into smaller groups of
entities. Useful when unsure of what looking for.
Classification (Data Mining) - -answer--Organizing data into predefined classes.
Estimation (Data Mining) - -answer--Assigning a numeric value to an object.
