Test Bank
Robbins, Cotran & Kumar Pathologic Basis Of Disease
By Vinay Kumar.
11th Edition
,Test Bank For Robbins, Cotran & Kumar Pathologic Basis
Of Disease 11th Edition By Vinay Kumar.
Chapter 02: Cellular Responses To Stress And Toxic Insults: Adaptation, Injury, And Death
Multiple Choice
1. A 60-Year-Old Man Who Had Generalized Atherosclerosis Died 24 Hours After Having A
Stroke.
A Cerebral Infarct Was Found At Autopsy. Necrosis Of The Brain Is Classified As
a. Coagulative Necrosis
b. Liquefactive Necrosis
c. Fat Necrosis
d. Fibrinoid Necrosis
e. Caseous Necrosis
ANS: B, Brain Infarcts Are Characterized By Liquefactive Necrosis.
2. A 30-Year-Old Woman Who Had Leukemia Was Treated With Bone Marrow
Transplantation. She Developed A Skin Rash That Was Interpreted As A Sign Of A Graft-
Versus- Host Reaction. A Skin Biopsy Was Performed. In The Epidermis, There Were
Scattered Dead Epidermal Cells That Had Rounded Contours And Pyknotic Nuclei. This
Form Of Cell Death Is Caused By
a. Activation Of Caspases Throtuegs
hTreb
ceapn
tok
rStraenlsm
leittr
ed.Scigonm
als On The Cell Surface
b. Inhibition Of Atpase
c. Inhibition Of Oxidative Phosphorylation
d. Activation Of Lysosomal Enzymes
e. Depletion Of Glycogen
ANS: A, Graft-Versus-Host–Induced Cell Death In The Epidermis Is A Form Of Apoptosis. It Is
Mediated By Caspases And Other Enzymes Of The Suicide Pathway Of "Programmed Cell
Death."
3. Uptake Of Bacteria Into The Cytoplasm Of Neutrophilic Leukocytes Is Called
a. Autophagocytosis
b. Heterophagocytosis
c. Exocytosis
d. Pinocytosis
e. Involution
ANS: B, Uptake Of Bacteria And Other Exogenous Particulate Material Into The
Phagosomes Is Called Phagocytosis.
,4. A 90-Year-Old Man Died In A Nursing Home. During The Past 10 Years, He Was Unable
To Care For Himself And Was Mentally Incoherent. He Had No Memory And Could Not
Hold A Conversation. He Was Unaware Of His Surroundings. At Autopsy, The Brain
Showed Signs Of Alzheimer Disease, And There Were Neurons Containing Numerous
Neurofibrillary Tangles. These Cytoplasmic Structures Are Formed From Which Component
Of The Neurons?
a. Nucleus
b. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
c. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
d. Mitochondria
e. Cytoskeleton
ANS: E, Neurofibrillary Tangles Are Composed Of Microtubule-Associated Proteins And
Neurofilaments, Which Form The Cytoskeleton Of Nerve Cells.
5. Continuous Expression Of The Gene For Atrial Natriuretic Factor In The Myocardial Cells
Of The Left Ventricle Is Typically A Consequence Of
a. Myocardial Infarction
b. Angina Pectoris
c. Hypertension
d. Hypotension
e. Ventricular Fibrillation
ANS: C, Atrial Natriuretic Factor (Anf) Is Produced During Fetal Life In Both The Atrial
And Ventricular Cells Of The Heart. T
ae
ftesrtbb
irtahn
, Tk
hesael
nl
fE
gern.
E Cr eomma i n s Active Only In The
Atrium, But Can Be Activated In Ventricular Cells Undergoing Hypertrophy. Arterial
Hypertension Is The Most Common Cause Of Ventricular Hypertrophy.
6. Ubiquitin-Proteasome Degradation Of Plasma Proteins Is Opposed By
a. Insulin
b. Interleukin-1
c. Tumor Necrosis Factor Α
d. Glucocorticoids
e. Thyroid Hormones
ANS: A, Insulin Can Oppose Ubiquitin-Proteasome Degradation Of Plasma Proteins,
Whereas All Other Hormones And Mediators Of Inflammation Listed Here Accelerate It.
7. A 28-Year-Old Man Was Found To Have Cirrhosis Of The Liver And Pulmonary
Emphysema. The Liver Cells Contained Globular Inclusions In Their Cytoplasm, Which By
Electron Microscopy Are Shown To Be Located Inside The
a. Golgi Apparatus
b. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
c. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
d. Mitochondria
e. Peroxisomes
, 1-3
ANS: C, The Clinical History (I.E., The Concurrence Of Cirrhosis And Pulmonary
Emphysema) Suggests That This Young Man Has 1-Antitrypsin (Aat) Deficiency. The
Cytoplasmic Globules In The Liver Cells Represent Misfolded Aat, Which Cannot Be
Excreted From The Liver Cells And Remains Inside The Liver Cells In The Dilated Cisterns
Of The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
8. A 60-Year-Old Obese Man Was Admitted To The Hospital For Treatment Of Alcoholism.
He Has Diabetes Mellitus. A Liver Biopsy Was Performed, And The Specimen Showed That
The Liver Cells Contain Increased Amounts Of
a. Hemosiderin
b. Bile
c. Triglycerides
d. Bilirubin
e. Insulin
ANS: C, The Three Most Common Causes Of Fatty Liver Are Obesity, Alcoholism, And
Diabetes Mellitus. Fat Is Stored In The Liver Cells Predominantly In The Form Of
Triglycerides.
9. A 55-Year-Old Man Who Was On Renal Dialysis Was Admitted To The Hospital For
Evaluation Of Nausea And Vomiting. A Gastric Biopsy Was Performed. The Gastric Mucosa
Contained Foci Of Amorphous, Bluish (Basophilic) Material Forming Aggregates 10-20 M
In Diameter. These Aggregates Were Seen Mostly In The Stroma Between The Foveolar
Cells. No Other Abnormalities Were Seen, And The Pathologist Concluded That These
Changes Represent Evidence Of
a. Helicobacter Pylori Infection
b. Peptic Ulcer Formation
c. Dystrophic Calcification
d. Metastatic Calcification
e. Apoptosis
ANS: D, Bluish Material In The Stroma Of The Stomach Represents Foci Of Calcification.
In Patients Who Have Chronic Renal Disease, Such Calcifications Occur In The Stomach,
The Lungs, Or The Kidneys, And Are Classified As Metastatic. Metastatic Calcifications
Occur In Patients Who Have Hypercalcemia, Which In This Patient Was Most Likely
Caused By Secondary Hyperparathyroidism.
Robbins, Cotran & Kumar Pathologic Basis Of Disease
By Vinay Kumar.
11th Edition
,Test Bank For Robbins, Cotran & Kumar Pathologic Basis
Of Disease 11th Edition By Vinay Kumar.
Chapter 02: Cellular Responses To Stress And Toxic Insults: Adaptation, Injury, And Death
Multiple Choice
1. A 60-Year-Old Man Who Had Generalized Atherosclerosis Died 24 Hours After Having A
Stroke.
A Cerebral Infarct Was Found At Autopsy. Necrosis Of The Brain Is Classified As
a. Coagulative Necrosis
b. Liquefactive Necrosis
c. Fat Necrosis
d. Fibrinoid Necrosis
e. Caseous Necrosis
ANS: B, Brain Infarcts Are Characterized By Liquefactive Necrosis.
2. A 30-Year-Old Woman Who Had Leukemia Was Treated With Bone Marrow
Transplantation. She Developed A Skin Rash That Was Interpreted As A Sign Of A Graft-
Versus- Host Reaction. A Skin Biopsy Was Performed. In The Epidermis, There Were
Scattered Dead Epidermal Cells That Had Rounded Contours And Pyknotic Nuclei. This
Form Of Cell Death Is Caused By
a. Activation Of Caspases Throtuegs
hTreb
ceapn
tok
rStraenlsm
leittr
ed.Scigonm
als On The Cell Surface
b. Inhibition Of Atpase
c. Inhibition Of Oxidative Phosphorylation
d. Activation Of Lysosomal Enzymes
e. Depletion Of Glycogen
ANS: A, Graft-Versus-Host–Induced Cell Death In The Epidermis Is A Form Of Apoptosis. It Is
Mediated By Caspases And Other Enzymes Of The Suicide Pathway Of "Programmed Cell
Death."
3. Uptake Of Bacteria Into The Cytoplasm Of Neutrophilic Leukocytes Is Called
a. Autophagocytosis
b. Heterophagocytosis
c. Exocytosis
d. Pinocytosis
e. Involution
ANS: B, Uptake Of Bacteria And Other Exogenous Particulate Material Into The
Phagosomes Is Called Phagocytosis.
,4. A 90-Year-Old Man Died In A Nursing Home. During The Past 10 Years, He Was Unable
To Care For Himself And Was Mentally Incoherent. He Had No Memory And Could Not
Hold A Conversation. He Was Unaware Of His Surroundings. At Autopsy, The Brain
Showed Signs Of Alzheimer Disease, And There Were Neurons Containing Numerous
Neurofibrillary Tangles. These Cytoplasmic Structures Are Formed From Which Component
Of The Neurons?
a. Nucleus
b. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
c. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
d. Mitochondria
e. Cytoskeleton
ANS: E, Neurofibrillary Tangles Are Composed Of Microtubule-Associated Proteins And
Neurofilaments, Which Form The Cytoskeleton Of Nerve Cells.
5. Continuous Expression Of The Gene For Atrial Natriuretic Factor In The Myocardial Cells
Of The Left Ventricle Is Typically A Consequence Of
a. Myocardial Infarction
b. Angina Pectoris
c. Hypertension
d. Hypotension
e. Ventricular Fibrillation
ANS: C, Atrial Natriuretic Factor (Anf) Is Produced During Fetal Life In Both The Atrial
And Ventricular Cells Of The Heart. T
ae
ftesrtbb
irtahn
, Tk
hesael
nl
fE
gern.
E Cr eomma i n s Active Only In The
Atrium, But Can Be Activated In Ventricular Cells Undergoing Hypertrophy. Arterial
Hypertension Is The Most Common Cause Of Ventricular Hypertrophy.
6. Ubiquitin-Proteasome Degradation Of Plasma Proteins Is Opposed By
a. Insulin
b. Interleukin-1
c. Tumor Necrosis Factor Α
d. Glucocorticoids
e. Thyroid Hormones
ANS: A, Insulin Can Oppose Ubiquitin-Proteasome Degradation Of Plasma Proteins,
Whereas All Other Hormones And Mediators Of Inflammation Listed Here Accelerate It.
7. A 28-Year-Old Man Was Found To Have Cirrhosis Of The Liver And Pulmonary
Emphysema. The Liver Cells Contained Globular Inclusions In Their Cytoplasm, Which By
Electron Microscopy Are Shown To Be Located Inside The
a. Golgi Apparatus
b. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
c. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
d. Mitochondria
e. Peroxisomes
, 1-3
ANS: C, The Clinical History (I.E., The Concurrence Of Cirrhosis And Pulmonary
Emphysema) Suggests That This Young Man Has 1-Antitrypsin (Aat) Deficiency. The
Cytoplasmic Globules In The Liver Cells Represent Misfolded Aat, Which Cannot Be
Excreted From The Liver Cells And Remains Inside The Liver Cells In The Dilated Cisterns
Of The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
8. A 60-Year-Old Obese Man Was Admitted To The Hospital For Treatment Of Alcoholism.
He Has Diabetes Mellitus. A Liver Biopsy Was Performed, And The Specimen Showed That
The Liver Cells Contain Increased Amounts Of
a. Hemosiderin
b. Bile
c. Triglycerides
d. Bilirubin
e. Insulin
ANS: C, The Three Most Common Causes Of Fatty Liver Are Obesity, Alcoholism, And
Diabetes Mellitus. Fat Is Stored In The Liver Cells Predominantly In The Form Of
Triglycerides.
9. A 55-Year-Old Man Who Was On Renal Dialysis Was Admitted To The Hospital For
Evaluation Of Nausea And Vomiting. A Gastric Biopsy Was Performed. The Gastric Mucosa
Contained Foci Of Amorphous, Bluish (Basophilic) Material Forming Aggregates 10-20 M
In Diameter. These Aggregates Were Seen Mostly In The Stroma Between The Foveolar
Cells. No Other Abnormalities Were Seen, And The Pathologist Concluded That These
Changes Represent Evidence Of
a. Helicobacter Pylori Infection
b. Peptic Ulcer Formation
c. Dystrophic Calcification
d. Metastatic Calcification
e. Apoptosis
ANS: D, Bluish Material In The Stroma Of The Stomach Represents Foci Of Calcification.
In Patients Who Have Chronic Renal Disease, Such Calcifications Occur In The Stomach,
The Lungs, Or The Kidneys, And Are Classified As Metastatic. Metastatic Calcifications
Occur In Patients Who Have Hypercalcemia, Which In This Patient Was Most Likely
Caused By Secondary Hyperparathyroidism.
