HY 102 EXAM 1 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
30 Years War - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅(Protestants vs. Catholic 1618-1648) less about religion, more
about diplomacy, secular conflict, enabled expansion of powerful states & powerful monarchs in those
states
English Revolution - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅(religion & politics) first real attempt of
republican/democratic form of government (NO MONARCHY!!)
shipbuilding, mapmaking, compass-making, use of small guns & cannons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅What
kind of technological advancements were made in Europe in the mid 1600s?
Mercantilism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a form of economic nationalism pursued by Western European
governments to control economic growth
centralization of national economies
standardizing of national currencies
standardizing weights & measures
removing tariff barriers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅What effects did mercantilism have?
80 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅What percentage of Europeans were peasants?
1/5 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Plagues & diseases such as the Black Death in the middle east take what
proportion of the population?
tenant farmers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅western europe- Farmer who works land owned by another and
pays rent either in cash or crops; communal lifestyle ( 1 oven in village)
serfdom - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Eastern Europe- A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in
which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not
allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. *authoritarian* landlord controls all aspects of
life: marriage, worship, food
,absolutist - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅17th century France & Russia displayed a(n) _____________ form of
government
constitutional monarchy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅17th century England had a _____________.
absolutism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅form of monarchial power that emerged in the 17th century as part
of the transition from feudalism to capitalism; the monarch has absolute power and is unrestrained by
any other institutions such as churches, legislatures, or social elites
Louis XIV of France - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"Sun King", absolute monarch of France, built Palace of
Versailles, revoked Edict of Nantes (5 y/o when crowned) officially king in 1661
Mazarin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Louis XIV's regent (acting ruler) raises taxes due to 30 Years War &
people revolt (1638-1653)
Versailles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅extravagant palace Louis built as an assertion of power, wealth, and
reach; build to embody his idea of France: wealthy, centralized, harmonious
Hall of Mirrors - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅most famous room in Versailles, , 17 mirrors face 17 windows;
represents idea that the king is everywhere, always watching
only when he called them, which was rarely - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Estates General came together
under King Louis how frequently?
Estates General - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pseudo-parliamentary group of nobles called upon to help
make political decisions
intendants - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅representatives sent to provinces to challenge noble authority, to
maintain order, to collect taxes, and to enforce the king's laws
, Edict of Nantes (1685) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Louis XIV repealed the __________, in ________ (year)
which had formerly granted Protestants religious freedom & some political independence; now, people
could not be protestant in the primarily Catholic France, if you refuse to convert, you would be banned
spends lots of money
sends thousands to battle
eliminates buying one's way into office
widespread bureaucratic system, leads to scandal
intendants looking to better themselves
taxes raised, intendants charge more & pocket what is left over - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Louis XIV's
Acquisitions
Russia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅leaders wanted unlimited power (absolutist monarchy), had to fight
nobles, attempted to create centralized bureaucracy, exerted military might; spread over 2 continents,
numerous cultures & people, Peter the Great not interested in large displays of wealth
Tsar Alexis (1645 -1675) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅He was the father of Peter of Great; in 1648: imposed
new taxes & administrative structures=revolt, which led to Assembly of the Land & new law code
Code of 1649 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅assigned each Russian subject a specific social class based on
occupation & state need; created serf class, people tied to residence & occupation, townspeople not
allowed to relocate, nobility forced to take a pledge to serve the state, sought to increase power with
absolutist control
Peter the Great (1682-1725) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅czar and absolute ruler who initiated the
westernization of Russian society through culture (western dress, shaved beards, tobacco) economics
(St. Petersburg 1703 faces west & subdues nobles: alcohol, jokes, friendship, comradery), nobility (table
of ranks), & education (mandatory compulsory education); pursued mercantilist policies: isolationist
table of ranks - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅system of 14 levels tied to state position or service (ranked by
Peter, not birthright)
30 Years War - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅(Protestants vs. Catholic 1618-1648) less about religion, more
about diplomacy, secular conflict, enabled expansion of powerful states & powerful monarchs in those
states
English Revolution - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅(religion & politics) first real attempt of
republican/democratic form of government (NO MONARCHY!!)
shipbuilding, mapmaking, compass-making, use of small guns & cannons - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅What
kind of technological advancements were made in Europe in the mid 1600s?
Mercantilism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a form of economic nationalism pursued by Western European
governments to control economic growth
centralization of national economies
standardizing of national currencies
standardizing weights & measures
removing tariff barriers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅What effects did mercantilism have?
80 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅What percentage of Europeans were peasants?
1/5 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Plagues & diseases such as the Black Death in the middle east take what
proportion of the population?
tenant farmers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅western europe- Farmer who works land owned by another and
pays rent either in cash or crops; communal lifestyle ( 1 oven in village)
serfdom - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Eastern Europe- A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in
which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not
allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. *authoritarian* landlord controls all aspects of
life: marriage, worship, food
,absolutist - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅17th century France & Russia displayed a(n) _____________ form of
government
constitutional monarchy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅17th century England had a _____________.
absolutism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅form of monarchial power that emerged in the 17th century as part
of the transition from feudalism to capitalism; the monarch has absolute power and is unrestrained by
any other institutions such as churches, legislatures, or social elites
Louis XIV of France - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"Sun King", absolute monarch of France, built Palace of
Versailles, revoked Edict of Nantes (5 y/o when crowned) officially king in 1661
Mazarin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Louis XIV's regent (acting ruler) raises taxes due to 30 Years War &
people revolt (1638-1653)
Versailles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅extravagant palace Louis built as an assertion of power, wealth, and
reach; build to embody his idea of France: wealthy, centralized, harmonious
Hall of Mirrors - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅most famous room in Versailles, , 17 mirrors face 17 windows;
represents idea that the king is everywhere, always watching
only when he called them, which was rarely - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Estates General came together
under King Louis how frequently?
Estates General - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pseudo-parliamentary group of nobles called upon to help
make political decisions
intendants - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅representatives sent to provinces to challenge noble authority, to
maintain order, to collect taxes, and to enforce the king's laws
, Edict of Nantes (1685) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Louis XIV repealed the __________, in ________ (year)
which had formerly granted Protestants religious freedom & some political independence; now, people
could not be protestant in the primarily Catholic France, if you refuse to convert, you would be banned
spends lots of money
sends thousands to battle
eliminates buying one's way into office
widespread bureaucratic system, leads to scandal
intendants looking to better themselves
taxes raised, intendants charge more & pocket what is left over - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Louis XIV's
Acquisitions
Russia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅leaders wanted unlimited power (absolutist monarchy), had to fight
nobles, attempted to create centralized bureaucracy, exerted military might; spread over 2 continents,
numerous cultures & people, Peter the Great not interested in large displays of wealth
Tsar Alexis (1645 -1675) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅He was the father of Peter of Great; in 1648: imposed
new taxes & administrative structures=revolt, which led to Assembly of the Land & new law code
Code of 1649 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅assigned each Russian subject a specific social class based on
occupation & state need; created serf class, people tied to residence & occupation, townspeople not
allowed to relocate, nobility forced to take a pledge to serve the state, sought to increase power with
absolutist control
Peter the Great (1682-1725) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅czar and absolute ruler who initiated the
westernization of Russian society through culture (western dress, shaved beards, tobacco) economics
(St. Petersburg 1703 faces west & subdues nobles: alcohol, jokes, friendship, comradery), nobility (table
of ranks), & education (mandatory compulsory education); pursued mercantilist policies: isolationist
table of ranks - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅system of 14 levels tied to state position or service (ranked by
Peter, not birthright)
