PAPER 1
Structure of questions :
8 mark structure :
10 mark structure :
2 paragraphs, concluding sentence
Discuss = advantages vs disadvantages
Significance = in relation to past/present, local scale/global scale
16 mark structure :
AO1 Knowledge and Understanding 8 marks
AO2 Analysis / evaluation of the K&U 8 marks
1.5 sides of A4 writing, 20 minutes
Intro = 1-2 sentences, including definitions, agree or disagree - 2 to 3 minutes
Paragraph 1 = named factor / agree with statement, counterpoint, back up with case study, finish
linking back to question - 5 minutes
Paragraph 2 = something that either limits the factor or makes it significant / disagreement or
agreement with statement, counterpoint, back up with case study, finish linking back to question - 5
minutes
Paragraph 3 = something that limits the factor / disagreement with the statement, counterpoint, back
up with case study, finish linking back to question - 5 minutes
Conclusion : come to a definite answers that you can back up, disprove disagreement / limitation - 2
to 3 minutes
, GLACIATION
● Glacial Landscapes are formed by glaciers, generally in high latitude
areas
How glaciated landscapes can be viewed as systems :
- Glaciated landscape systems are OPEN, meaning that energy and matter can
be transferred from neighbouring systems as an input, or out as an output
- Inputs include : Kinetic energy from wind, Thermal energy from the sun and
material from deposition, weathering
- Outputs include : Evaporation, sublimation [solid state (snow) to gas
state(water vapour)] and meltwater
- Stores : Ice, water and debris accumulation
- Flows (transfers) : movement of ice, water and debris downslope under
gravity
- Glaciers are in Dynamic equilibrium (self restoration after disturbance) when
the mass balance = 0
- Glaciers are also an example of Negative Feedback which means outputs
from a system are subsequently fed back into it
- Glacier mass balance is the difference between accumulation of snow and ice
and ablation (melting) in a one year time period
How glaciated landscapes are influenced by physical factors :
- Aeolian processes : erosion, transportation, and deposition of sediment by
the wind
- Lithology : Composition of rocks, eg clay has weak lithology due to little
resistance to erosion
- Aspect : Direction in which it is facing, determines rate of glacial melt
- Relief : Steepness of the land, determines volume of glacial till
- Diagenesis : The physical and chemical processes that affect sedimentary
materials after deposition and before metamorphism and between deposition
and weathering
- Geology : More resistant rock vs less resistant rock will determine the rate
and extent of erosion
- Climate : Will initiate growth of an ice sheet and determine rates and extent of
glacier
- Latitude and altitude : Will determine climate
Structure of questions :
8 mark structure :
10 mark structure :
2 paragraphs, concluding sentence
Discuss = advantages vs disadvantages
Significance = in relation to past/present, local scale/global scale
16 mark structure :
AO1 Knowledge and Understanding 8 marks
AO2 Analysis / evaluation of the K&U 8 marks
1.5 sides of A4 writing, 20 minutes
Intro = 1-2 sentences, including definitions, agree or disagree - 2 to 3 minutes
Paragraph 1 = named factor / agree with statement, counterpoint, back up with case study, finish
linking back to question - 5 minutes
Paragraph 2 = something that either limits the factor or makes it significant / disagreement or
agreement with statement, counterpoint, back up with case study, finish linking back to question - 5
minutes
Paragraph 3 = something that limits the factor / disagreement with the statement, counterpoint, back
up with case study, finish linking back to question - 5 minutes
Conclusion : come to a definite answers that you can back up, disprove disagreement / limitation - 2
to 3 minutes
, GLACIATION
● Glacial Landscapes are formed by glaciers, generally in high latitude
areas
How glaciated landscapes can be viewed as systems :
- Glaciated landscape systems are OPEN, meaning that energy and matter can
be transferred from neighbouring systems as an input, or out as an output
- Inputs include : Kinetic energy from wind, Thermal energy from the sun and
material from deposition, weathering
- Outputs include : Evaporation, sublimation [solid state (snow) to gas
state(water vapour)] and meltwater
- Stores : Ice, water and debris accumulation
- Flows (transfers) : movement of ice, water and debris downslope under
gravity
- Glaciers are in Dynamic equilibrium (self restoration after disturbance) when
the mass balance = 0
- Glaciers are also an example of Negative Feedback which means outputs
from a system are subsequently fed back into it
- Glacier mass balance is the difference between accumulation of snow and ice
and ablation (melting) in a one year time period
How glaciated landscapes are influenced by physical factors :
- Aeolian processes : erosion, transportation, and deposition of sediment by
the wind
- Lithology : Composition of rocks, eg clay has weak lithology due to little
resistance to erosion
- Aspect : Direction in which it is facing, determines rate of glacial melt
- Relief : Steepness of the land, determines volume of glacial till
- Diagenesis : The physical and chemical processes that affect sedimentary
materials after deposition and before metamorphism and between deposition
and weathering
- Geology : More resistant rock vs less resistant rock will determine the rate
and extent of erosion
- Climate : Will initiate growth of an ice sheet and determine rates and extent of
glacier
- Latitude and altitude : Will determine climate
