Business Law Today The
Essentials, 13th Edition by Roger
LeRoy Miller
Complete Chapter Solutions Manual
are included (Ch 1 to 25)
** Immediate Download
** Swift Response
** All Chapters included
,Table of Contents are given below
1. Legal and Constitutional Foundations of Business
2. Courts and Alternative Dispute Resolution
3. Ethics in Business
4. Tort Law
5. Intellectual Property Rights
6. Internet Law, Social Media, and Privacy
7. Criminal Law and Cyber Crime
8. Agreement and Consideration in Contracts
9. Capacity, Legality, and Enforceability
10. Contract Performance, Breach, and Remedies
11. Sales and Lease Contracts
12. Performance and Breach of Sales and Lease Contracts
13. Negotiable Instruments
14. Banking
15. Creditors’ Rights and Bankruptcy
16. Agency Relationships in Business
17. Employment Law
18. The Entrepreneur’s Options
19. Corporations
20. Investor Protection, Insider Trading, and Corporate Governance
21. Antitrust Law and Promoting Competition
22. Consumer Law
23. Personal Property, Bailments, and Insurance
24. Real Property and Environmental Law
25. International and Space Law
,Solutions Manual organized in reverse order, with the last chapter displayed first, to ensure that all chapters
are included in this document. (Complete Chapters included Ch25-1)
Solution and Answer Guide
Miller, Business Law Today, The Essentials Text & Summarized Cases 13e,
9780357635346; Chapter 25: International and Space Law
Table of Contents
Critical Thinking Questions in Cases ........................................................................................................................ 1
Case 25.1 ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Case 25.2 ................................................................................................................................................... 3
Case 25.3 ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter Review ................................................................................................................................................................ 4
Practice and Review .................................................................................................................................. 4
Practice and Review: Debate This ............................................................................................................. 5
Issue Spotters ............................................................................................................................................ 6
Business Scenarios and Case Problems ..................................................................................................... 6
Critical Thinking and Writing Assignments .............................................................................................. 14
Critical Thinking Questions in Features
Adapting the Law to the Online Environment
1. Why is international law better suited for satellite regulation than national law?
Solution
Once launched and having entered orbit, a satellite will spend relatively little time directly above
the territory of the government or private company that manufactured it. Therefore, a legal
regime in which individual countries retained jurisdiction over satellite activity in low earth orbit
(an altitude of approximately 1,200 miles where most satellites operate) above their earthly
boundaries would be prohibitively complex and contentious. Clearly, the future of satellite law
going to be governed by international law.
As has been discussed at length in this chapter, the purpose of international law is the orderly
settlement of disputes between nations. Indeed, the U.N.’s Outer Space Treaty does provide a
broad framework for international space law. More specifically, as noted in the text, under the
Liability Convention any harm caused by a satellite on Earth is the financial responsibility of the
country that launched it, regardless of who or what actually caused the damage.
It should be noted that, in the context of twenty-first century cybersecurity and widespread
computer hacking by malicious third parties, the Liability Convention is somewhat outdated. A
more helpful model for such satellite-related disputes can be found in the treaties and established
practices that govern international waters. Customarily, the law of the sea holds that damages
caused by ships or other vessels are the financial responsibility of the party that controls the
vessel, not the party that owns it.
1
, Critical Thinking Questions in Cases
Case 25.1
1. Is the Court’s interpretation of Section 1610(g) consistent with the purpose of the FSIA? Explain.
Solution
Yes. The Court’s interpretation of Section 1610(g) is consistent with the purpose of the FSIA. The
act expressly provides that states are not immune from the jurisdiction of U.S. courts “insofar as
their commercial activities are concerned, and their commercial property may be levied upon for
the satisfaction of judgments rendered against them in connection with their commercial
activities.”
This point is reflected in the subsections of Section 1610, as noted in the excerpt of the Rubin
case. For example, Section 1610(a) provides that “‘property in the United States . . . used for a
commercial activity in the United States . . . shall not be immune’ from attachment and execution
in seven enumerated circumstances . . . . [Section 1610(b), (d), (e), and (f)] similarly set out
circumstances in which certain property of a foreign state ‘shall not be immune.’”
In other words, these subsections outline exceptions to immunity when a foreign state’s property
is used for commercial activity. The Court’s interpretation of Section 1610(g) simply means that a
party with an applicable judgment must rely on at least one of those other provisions to attach
and execute property in satisfaction.
This reading also aligns with the principle of interpretation to construe a statute so as to give
effect to all of its provisions. A holding that Section 1610(g) establishes a basis for the attachment
and execution against otherwise immune property would have rendered the other provisions of
the statute superfluous.
2. What practical lesson might be learned from the decision and result in the Rubin case? Discuss.
Solution
One lesson that might be learned from the holding of the Rubin case is that, in terms of filing an
action, a plaintiff should carefully determine the legal basis for the claim. Here, in the eyes of the
appellate courts, the plaintiffs’ attorneys relied on the wrong section of the Foreign Sovereign
Immunities Act to support their claims. A careful reading of that statute and its sections might
have led to a very different result. There might then have been no dispensing of legal fees and a
lawyer’s expensive time on an unrewarding attempt.
A second message that could be inferred from the facts and the conclusion in the Rubin case
relates to the property sought to satisfy a judgment.
In the Rubin case, the plaintiffs attempted to attach and execute against a cultural asset, the
Persepolis Collection. Obviously, these items are significant in terms of the history of Iran—they
are on loan to the University of Chicago for cataloging, translation, and study—but also they
might arguably be important to the cultural heritage of all civilization. Under different
circumstances, would a court be likely to allow the sale of Native American artifacts to pay
damages resulting from a violent activist’s purportedly political act? Or would a court order the
forfeiture of an original copy of the Declaration of Independence on tour in a foreign nation to
satisfy a levy against an American agent whose actions caused harm in that land?
2
Essentials, 13th Edition by Roger
LeRoy Miller
Complete Chapter Solutions Manual
are included (Ch 1 to 25)
** Immediate Download
** Swift Response
** All Chapters included
,Table of Contents are given below
1. Legal and Constitutional Foundations of Business
2. Courts and Alternative Dispute Resolution
3. Ethics in Business
4. Tort Law
5. Intellectual Property Rights
6. Internet Law, Social Media, and Privacy
7. Criminal Law and Cyber Crime
8. Agreement and Consideration in Contracts
9. Capacity, Legality, and Enforceability
10. Contract Performance, Breach, and Remedies
11. Sales and Lease Contracts
12. Performance and Breach of Sales and Lease Contracts
13. Negotiable Instruments
14. Banking
15. Creditors’ Rights and Bankruptcy
16. Agency Relationships in Business
17. Employment Law
18. The Entrepreneur’s Options
19. Corporations
20. Investor Protection, Insider Trading, and Corporate Governance
21. Antitrust Law and Promoting Competition
22. Consumer Law
23. Personal Property, Bailments, and Insurance
24. Real Property and Environmental Law
25. International and Space Law
,Solutions Manual organized in reverse order, with the last chapter displayed first, to ensure that all chapters
are included in this document. (Complete Chapters included Ch25-1)
Solution and Answer Guide
Miller, Business Law Today, The Essentials Text & Summarized Cases 13e,
9780357635346; Chapter 25: International and Space Law
Table of Contents
Critical Thinking Questions in Cases ........................................................................................................................ 1
Case 25.1 ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Case 25.2 ................................................................................................................................................... 3
Case 25.3 ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter Review ................................................................................................................................................................ 4
Practice and Review .................................................................................................................................. 4
Practice and Review: Debate This ............................................................................................................. 5
Issue Spotters ............................................................................................................................................ 6
Business Scenarios and Case Problems ..................................................................................................... 6
Critical Thinking and Writing Assignments .............................................................................................. 14
Critical Thinking Questions in Features
Adapting the Law to the Online Environment
1. Why is international law better suited for satellite regulation than national law?
Solution
Once launched and having entered orbit, a satellite will spend relatively little time directly above
the territory of the government or private company that manufactured it. Therefore, a legal
regime in which individual countries retained jurisdiction over satellite activity in low earth orbit
(an altitude of approximately 1,200 miles where most satellites operate) above their earthly
boundaries would be prohibitively complex and contentious. Clearly, the future of satellite law
going to be governed by international law.
As has been discussed at length in this chapter, the purpose of international law is the orderly
settlement of disputes between nations. Indeed, the U.N.’s Outer Space Treaty does provide a
broad framework for international space law. More specifically, as noted in the text, under the
Liability Convention any harm caused by a satellite on Earth is the financial responsibility of the
country that launched it, regardless of who or what actually caused the damage.
It should be noted that, in the context of twenty-first century cybersecurity and widespread
computer hacking by malicious third parties, the Liability Convention is somewhat outdated. A
more helpful model for such satellite-related disputes can be found in the treaties and established
practices that govern international waters. Customarily, the law of the sea holds that damages
caused by ships or other vessels are the financial responsibility of the party that controls the
vessel, not the party that owns it.
1
, Critical Thinking Questions in Cases
Case 25.1
1. Is the Court’s interpretation of Section 1610(g) consistent with the purpose of the FSIA? Explain.
Solution
Yes. The Court’s interpretation of Section 1610(g) is consistent with the purpose of the FSIA. The
act expressly provides that states are not immune from the jurisdiction of U.S. courts “insofar as
their commercial activities are concerned, and their commercial property may be levied upon for
the satisfaction of judgments rendered against them in connection with their commercial
activities.”
This point is reflected in the subsections of Section 1610, as noted in the excerpt of the Rubin
case. For example, Section 1610(a) provides that “‘property in the United States . . . used for a
commercial activity in the United States . . . shall not be immune’ from attachment and execution
in seven enumerated circumstances . . . . [Section 1610(b), (d), (e), and (f)] similarly set out
circumstances in which certain property of a foreign state ‘shall not be immune.’”
In other words, these subsections outline exceptions to immunity when a foreign state’s property
is used for commercial activity. The Court’s interpretation of Section 1610(g) simply means that a
party with an applicable judgment must rely on at least one of those other provisions to attach
and execute property in satisfaction.
This reading also aligns with the principle of interpretation to construe a statute so as to give
effect to all of its provisions. A holding that Section 1610(g) establishes a basis for the attachment
and execution against otherwise immune property would have rendered the other provisions of
the statute superfluous.
2. What practical lesson might be learned from the decision and result in the Rubin case? Discuss.
Solution
One lesson that might be learned from the holding of the Rubin case is that, in terms of filing an
action, a plaintiff should carefully determine the legal basis for the claim. Here, in the eyes of the
appellate courts, the plaintiffs’ attorneys relied on the wrong section of the Foreign Sovereign
Immunities Act to support their claims. A careful reading of that statute and its sections might
have led to a very different result. There might then have been no dispensing of legal fees and a
lawyer’s expensive time on an unrewarding attempt.
A second message that could be inferred from the facts and the conclusion in the Rubin case
relates to the property sought to satisfy a judgment.
In the Rubin case, the plaintiffs attempted to attach and execute against a cultural asset, the
Persepolis Collection. Obviously, these items are significant in terms of the history of Iran—they
are on loan to the University of Chicago for cataloging, translation, and study—but also they
might arguably be important to the cultural heritage of all civilization. Under different
circumstances, would a court be likely to allow the sale of Native American artifacts to pay
damages resulting from a violent activist’s purportedly political act? Or would a court order the
forfeiture of an original copy of the Declaration of Independence on tour in a foreign nation to
satisfy a levy against an American agent whose actions caused harm in that land?
2
