8/17/25, 9:23
AM
TEST 4 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (NURS115-LIBERTY
UNIVERSITY) EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS UPDATED 2025/2026
Terms in this set (89)
Cations- Calcium, Magnesium,
Sodium, and Potassium
Name all cations and Anions- Bicarbonate,
anions Phosphate, Chloride
Hint: Cations end in -ium and anions end in -e
Intracellular- Magnesium, Phosphate, Potassium
Extracellular- Calcium, Sodium, Chloride, and
Name all intracellular and Bicarbonate
extracellular electrolytes
Hint: Maggie likes to have P(eas) sittin in her house
Wouldn't it be nice to have a cold glass of milk
(Ca) by the pool (Cl) or ocean (Na). And
bicarbonate is too big for the house
What three places can Intra cellular
fluid be in the body? Extracellular: Intravascular (In the blood vessels) or
interstitial (in the tissues)
Na+ 135-145 (Night sky has 135-145 billion stars)
1/
19
,8/17/25, 9:23
AM
K+ 3.5-5.0 (Medieval Kings were lucky to live 35-50 years)
Ca+ 8.5-10.5 (Kid's from 8.5-10.5 love
Candy the most on Halloween) Mg+ 1.8-
List all electrolyte values 3.0 (People get Married usually from
18-30 yo)
Cl- 98-106 (98-106 is a tropical Climate)
P- 2.5-4.5 (If you follow the microwaves
recommendation of 2.5-4.5 minutes you will
burn your popcorn)
Sensible you can lose and still be okay (mild
dehydration or gun shot wound to the hand)
Insensible versus sensible Insensible loss you cannot loss or you will die or
fluid loss decompensate beyond recovery (massive
head trauma)
What are three Fatigue, dyspnea, and pitting edema
major signs of fluid
overload?
2/
19
, 8/17/25, 9:23
AM
They're from the same home town (both come
from meat and dairy), Phosphate is the loveable
What is the relationship redneck that helps Calcium out by stimulating
between phosphate the parathyroid. Calcium is the nerd that wants
and calcium? to leave town and shushes the redneck
(phosphorus) once he's had enough
Phosphorus and calcium are an inverse relationship
Males have more water content (that's why
Body water content: male they lose a lot of weight fast when they try)
vs female Females have less water content (thus being harder to
lose weight)
If a patient is Higher- Same number or electrolytes in less volume is
hypovolemic are the like thick hot chocolate
electrolyte values going
to be high or low?
If a patient is Lower- Same number of electrolytes in more volume is
hypervolemic are the like watery hot chocolate
electrolyte values going
to be high or low?
The force of the fluid within the vessel that forces fluid
Describe capillary OUT of the vessel
filtration pressure
Filters out of the vessel into the tissues
When the pressure inside is greater than the
pressure outside, fluids and solutes inside
Describe interstitial are forced in the interstitial space and
vice versa
3/
19
AM
TEST 4 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (NURS115-LIBERTY
UNIVERSITY) EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS UPDATED 2025/2026
Terms in this set (89)
Cations- Calcium, Magnesium,
Sodium, and Potassium
Name all cations and Anions- Bicarbonate,
anions Phosphate, Chloride
Hint: Cations end in -ium and anions end in -e
Intracellular- Magnesium, Phosphate, Potassium
Extracellular- Calcium, Sodium, Chloride, and
Name all intracellular and Bicarbonate
extracellular electrolytes
Hint: Maggie likes to have P(eas) sittin in her house
Wouldn't it be nice to have a cold glass of milk
(Ca) by the pool (Cl) or ocean (Na). And
bicarbonate is too big for the house
What three places can Intra cellular
fluid be in the body? Extracellular: Intravascular (In the blood vessels) or
interstitial (in the tissues)
Na+ 135-145 (Night sky has 135-145 billion stars)
1/
19
,8/17/25, 9:23
AM
K+ 3.5-5.0 (Medieval Kings were lucky to live 35-50 years)
Ca+ 8.5-10.5 (Kid's from 8.5-10.5 love
Candy the most on Halloween) Mg+ 1.8-
List all electrolyte values 3.0 (People get Married usually from
18-30 yo)
Cl- 98-106 (98-106 is a tropical Climate)
P- 2.5-4.5 (If you follow the microwaves
recommendation of 2.5-4.5 minutes you will
burn your popcorn)
Sensible you can lose and still be okay (mild
dehydration or gun shot wound to the hand)
Insensible versus sensible Insensible loss you cannot loss or you will die or
fluid loss decompensate beyond recovery (massive
head trauma)
What are three Fatigue, dyspnea, and pitting edema
major signs of fluid
overload?
2/
19
, 8/17/25, 9:23
AM
They're from the same home town (both come
from meat and dairy), Phosphate is the loveable
What is the relationship redneck that helps Calcium out by stimulating
between phosphate the parathyroid. Calcium is the nerd that wants
and calcium? to leave town and shushes the redneck
(phosphorus) once he's had enough
Phosphorus and calcium are an inverse relationship
Males have more water content (that's why
Body water content: male they lose a lot of weight fast when they try)
vs female Females have less water content (thus being harder to
lose weight)
If a patient is Higher- Same number or electrolytes in less volume is
hypovolemic are the like thick hot chocolate
electrolyte values going
to be high or low?
If a patient is Lower- Same number of electrolytes in more volume is
hypervolemic are the like watery hot chocolate
electrolyte values going
to be high or low?
The force of the fluid within the vessel that forces fluid
Describe capillary OUT of the vessel
filtration pressure
Filters out of the vessel into the tissues
When the pressure inside is greater than the
pressure outside, fluids and solutes inside
Describe interstitial are forced in the interstitial space and
vice versa
3/
19
