HESI PHARMACOLOGY 2025 PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
RATED A+||GUARANTEED SUCCESS!!!
A 75-year-old client with end-stage renal disease, advanced lung cancer, and a
recent stroke is disoriented. Dialysis was discontinued, and the client has not
signed a DNR. What is the nurse’s priority action?
✔✔ Answer: Determine who is legally empowered to make decisions.
Rationale: In situations where the client cannot make informed decisions and
death is imminent, it's crucial to identify the legally authorized decision-maker,
such as a medical power of attorney or legal guardian. This helps ensure that
appropriate end-of-life care decisions are made in accordance with the client's
best interests and legal rights.
A client with Raynaud’s disease asks about using biofeedback for symptom
management. What is the nurse’s best response?
✔✔ Answer: Biofeedback allows the client to control involuntary responses to
promote peripheral vasodilation.
Rationale: Biofeedback can help individuals consciously influence physiological
processes like blood flow. For clients with Raynaud’s, this technique can support
vasodilation, helping to reduce symptoms such as cold or discolored fingers due
to restricted blood flow.
Rationale
Biofeedback involves the use of various monitoring devices that help people
become more aware and able to control their own physiologic responses, such as
heart rate, body temperature, muscle tension, and brain waves. (D) is an accurate
statement concerning its use for clients with Raynaud's disease. (A, B, and C) do
not provide correct information about biofeedback.
,When making the bed of a client who needs a bed cradle, which action should the
nurse include?
Teach the client to call for help before getting out of bed.
Keep both the upper and lower side rails in a raised position.
Keep the bed in the lowest position while changing the sheets.
Drape the top sheet and covers loosely over the bed cradle. - ANSWER✔✔Drape
the top sheet and covers loosely over the bed cradle.
Rationale:
A bed cradle is used to keep the top bedclothes off the client, so the nurse should
drape the top sheet and covers loosely over the cradle (D). A client using a bed
cradle may still be able to ambulate independently (A) and does not require
raised side rails (B). (C) causes the nurse to use poor body mechanics.
A male client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) develops
cryptococcal meningitis and tells the nurse he does not want to be resuscitated if
his breathing stops. What action should the nurse implement?
Document the client's request in the medical record.
Ask the client if this decision has been discussed with his healthcare provider.
Inform the client that a written, notarized advance directive, is required to
withhold resuscitation efforts.
Advise the client to designate a person to make healthcare decisions when the
client is unable to do so. - ANSWER✔✔Ask the client if this decision has been
discussed with his healthcare provider.
,Advance directives are written statements of a person's wishes regarding medical
care, and verbal directives may be given to a healthcare provider with specific
instructions in the presence of two witnesses. To obtain this prescription, the
client should discuss his choice with the healthcare provider (B). (A) is insufficient
to implement the client's request without legal consequences. Although (C and D)
provide legal protection of the client's wishes, the present request needs
additional action.
Which statement is an example of a correctly written nursing diagnosis
statement?
Altered tissue perfusion related to congestive heart failure.
Altered urinary elimination related to urinary tract infection.
Risk for impaired tissue integrity related to client's refusal to turn.
Ineffective coping related to response to positive biopsy test results. -
ANSWER✔✔Ineffective coping related to response to positive biopsy test results.
Rationale
The first part of the nursing diagnosis statement is the "diagnostic label" and is
followed by "related to" the cause, which should direct the nurse to the
appropriate interventions. (D) best fits this criteria. (A and B) contain a medical
diagnosis. (C) includes an observable cause, but (D) focuses on the client's
"response," which the nurse can provide support, reflection, and dialogue.
A 73-year-old Hispanic client is seen at the community health clinic with a history
of protein malnutrition. What information should the nurse obtain first?
, Amount of liquid protein supplements consumed daily.
Foods and liquids consumed during the past 24 hours.
Usual weekly intake of milk products and red meats.
Grains and legume combinations used by the client. - ANSWER✔✔Foods and
liquids consumed during the past 24 hours.
Rationale
A client's dietary habits should be determined first by the client's dietary recall (B)
before suggesting protein sources or supplements (A and C) as options in the
client's diet. Although grains and legumes (D) contain incomplete proteins that
reduces the essential amino acid pools inside the cells, the client's cultural
preferences should be elicited after confirming the client's dietary history.
While preparing to insert a rectal suppository in a male adult client, the nurse
observes that the client is holding his breath while bearing down. What action
should the nurse implement?
Advise the client to continue to bear down without holding his breath.
Gently insert the lubricated suppository four inches into the rectum.
Perform a digital exam to determine if a fecal impaction is present.
Instruct the client to take slow deep breaths and stop bearing down. -
ANSWER✔✔Instruct the client to take slow deep breaths and stop bearing down.
During administration of a rectal suppository, the client is asked to take slow deep
breaths through the mouth to relax the anal sphincter (D). Bearing down (A) will
push the suppository out of the rectum, so the suppository should not be inserted
while the client is bearing down (B). Further data is needed before performing an
invasive digital exam to check for fecal impaction (C).
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
RATED A+||GUARANTEED SUCCESS!!!
A 75-year-old client with end-stage renal disease, advanced lung cancer, and a
recent stroke is disoriented. Dialysis was discontinued, and the client has not
signed a DNR. What is the nurse’s priority action?
✔✔ Answer: Determine who is legally empowered to make decisions.
Rationale: In situations where the client cannot make informed decisions and
death is imminent, it's crucial to identify the legally authorized decision-maker,
such as a medical power of attorney or legal guardian. This helps ensure that
appropriate end-of-life care decisions are made in accordance with the client's
best interests and legal rights.
A client with Raynaud’s disease asks about using biofeedback for symptom
management. What is the nurse’s best response?
✔✔ Answer: Biofeedback allows the client to control involuntary responses to
promote peripheral vasodilation.
Rationale: Biofeedback can help individuals consciously influence physiological
processes like blood flow. For clients with Raynaud’s, this technique can support
vasodilation, helping to reduce symptoms such as cold or discolored fingers due
to restricted blood flow.
Rationale
Biofeedback involves the use of various monitoring devices that help people
become more aware and able to control their own physiologic responses, such as
heart rate, body temperature, muscle tension, and brain waves. (D) is an accurate
statement concerning its use for clients with Raynaud's disease. (A, B, and C) do
not provide correct information about biofeedback.
,When making the bed of a client who needs a bed cradle, which action should the
nurse include?
Teach the client to call for help before getting out of bed.
Keep both the upper and lower side rails in a raised position.
Keep the bed in the lowest position while changing the sheets.
Drape the top sheet and covers loosely over the bed cradle. - ANSWER✔✔Drape
the top sheet and covers loosely over the bed cradle.
Rationale:
A bed cradle is used to keep the top bedclothes off the client, so the nurse should
drape the top sheet and covers loosely over the cradle (D). A client using a bed
cradle may still be able to ambulate independently (A) and does not require
raised side rails (B). (C) causes the nurse to use poor body mechanics.
A male client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) develops
cryptococcal meningitis and tells the nurse he does not want to be resuscitated if
his breathing stops. What action should the nurse implement?
Document the client's request in the medical record.
Ask the client if this decision has been discussed with his healthcare provider.
Inform the client that a written, notarized advance directive, is required to
withhold resuscitation efforts.
Advise the client to designate a person to make healthcare decisions when the
client is unable to do so. - ANSWER✔✔Ask the client if this decision has been
discussed with his healthcare provider.
,Advance directives are written statements of a person's wishes regarding medical
care, and verbal directives may be given to a healthcare provider with specific
instructions in the presence of two witnesses. To obtain this prescription, the
client should discuss his choice with the healthcare provider (B). (A) is insufficient
to implement the client's request without legal consequences. Although (C and D)
provide legal protection of the client's wishes, the present request needs
additional action.
Which statement is an example of a correctly written nursing diagnosis
statement?
Altered tissue perfusion related to congestive heart failure.
Altered urinary elimination related to urinary tract infection.
Risk for impaired tissue integrity related to client's refusal to turn.
Ineffective coping related to response to positive biopsy test results. -
ANSWER✔✔Ineffective coping related to response to positive biopsy test results.
Rationale
The first part of the nursing diagnosis statement is the "diagnostic label" and is
followed by "related to" the cause, which should direct the nurse to the
appropriate interventions. (D) best fits this criteria. (A and B) contain a medical
diagnosis. (C) includes an observable cause, but (D) focuses on the client's
"response," which the nurse can provide support, reflection, and dialogue.
A 73-year-old Hispanic client is seen at the community health clinic with a history
of protein malnutrition. What information should the nurse obtain first?
, Amount of liquid protein supplements consumed daily.
Foods and liquids consumed during the past 24 hours.
Usual weekly intake of milk products and red meats.
Grains and legume combinations used by the client. - ANSWER✔✔Foods and
liquids consumed during the past 24 hours.
Rationale
A client's dietary habits should be determined first by the client's dietary recall (B)
before suggesting protein sources or supplements (A and C) as options in the
client's diet. Although grains and legumes (D) contain incomplete proteins that
reduces the essential amino acid pools inside the cells, the client's cultural
preferences should be elicited after confirming the client's dietary history.
While preparing to insert a rectal suppository in a male adult client, the nurse
observes that the client is holding his breath while bearing down. What action
should the nurse implement?
Advise the client to continue to bear down without holding his breath.
Gently insert the lubricated suppository four inches into the rectum.
Perform a digital exam to determine if a fecal impaction is present.
Instruct the client to take slow deep breaths and stop bearing down. -
ANSWER✔✔Instruct the client to take slow deep breaths and stop bearing down.
During administration of a rectal suppository, the client is asked to take slow deep
breaths through the mouth to relax the anal sphincter (D). Bearing down (A) will
push the suppository out of the rectum, so the suppository should not be inserted
while the client is bearing down (B). Further data is needed before performing an
invasive digital exam to check for fecal impaction (C).
