GNUR 293 Pathophysiology FINAL
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Liquefactive necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - From bacterial infection, ischemia
Affects brain tissue
Coagulative necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - From hypoxia
Causes proteins to degranulate and become gelatinous
Affects kidneys, heart, adrenal system
Caseous necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - From TB
Combination of coagulative + liquefactive
Affects lungs
Walled off by granuloma
Fat necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - From enzymes that dissolves cells
Affects breasts, pancreas, any organs with fat
Gangrenous necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - From severe ischemia/hypoxia
Dry = coagulative necrosis
Wet = liquefactive necrosis (causes internal organs to be black, cool, swollen, and foul smelling)
Gas = clostridium infection
Reperfusion injury - CORRECT ANSWER - Sudden restoration of blood supply creates
ROS
Lines of defense - CORRECT ANSWER - Barriers, inflammation, adaptive immunity
,Phagocytes originate in - CORRECT ANSWER - bone marrow
Monocytes originate in - CORRECT ANSWER - bone marrow
When do neutrophils arrive on site? - CORRECT ANSWER - 6-12hrs
When do macrophages arrive on site? - CORRECT ANSWER - 3-7 days
May proliferate on site
Live for a long time
Mast cells - CORRECT ANSWER - initiate inflammation
Mast cells release - CORRECT ANSWER - histamine
NK cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Adaptive immunity
Can recognize and eliminate cells infected by viruses
Acute inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER - Mast cells release histamine
Vasodilation causes redness and heat
Vascular permeability
Stimulation of nerve endings = pain
Cytokines - CORRECT ANSWER - Call in the troops!
TNF - induces fever and muscle weakness
Chemokines - CORRECT ANSWER - Induce WBC chemotaxis
, Produced by macrophages and endothelial cells
Tell the cells where to go
Leukotrienes - CORRECT ANSWER - Similar to histamines
Produce a longer-acting response
Prostaglandins - CORRECT ANSWER - Released by mast cells
FEVER AND PAIN
Complement system - CORRECT ANSWER - Destroys pathogens
Osponization
Increases phagocytosis
Osponization - CORRECT ANSWER - Paints bad cells so phagocytes know to eat it
Coagulation system - CORRECT ANSWER - Forms fibrous mesh
Thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin
Begins with vessel injury
Kinin system - CORRECT ANSWER - Activates and assists inflammatory cells
Bradykinin
Bradykinin - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes blood vessel dilation and pain
Events in inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Vascular permeability
Emigration of leukocytes
Phagocytosis
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Liquefactive necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - From bacterial infection, ischemia
Affects brain tissue
Coagulative necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - From hypoxia
Causes proteins to degranulate and become gelatinous
Affects kidneys, heart, adrenal system
Caseous necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - From TB
Combination of coagulative + liquefactive
Affects lungs
Walled off by granuloma
Fat necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - From enzymes that dissolves cells
Affects breasts, pancreas, any organs with fat
Gangrenous necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - From severe ischemia/hypoxia
Dry = coagulative necrosis
Wet = liquefactive necrosis (causes internal organs to be black, cool, swollen, and foul smelling)
Gas = clostridium infection
Reperfusion injury - CORRECT ANSWER - Sudden restoration of blood supply creates
ROS
Lines of defense - CORRECT ANSWER - Barriers, inflammation, adaptive immunity
,Phagocytes originate in - CORRECT ANSWER - bone marrow
Monocytes originate in - CORRECT ANSWER - bone marrow
When do neutrophils arrive on site? - CORRECT ANSWER - 6-12hrs
When do macrophages arrive on site? - CORRECT ANSWER - 3-7 days
May proliferate on site
Live for a long time
Mast cells - CORRECT ANSWER - initiate inflammation
Mast cells release - CORRECT ANSWER - histamine
NK cells - CORRECT ANSWER - Adaptive immunity
Can recognize and eliminate cells infected by viruses
Acute inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER - Mast cells release histamine
Vasodilation causes redness and heat
Vascular permeability
Stimulation of nerve endings = pain
Cytokines - CORRECT ANSWER - Call in the troops!
TNF - induces fever and muscle weakness
Chemokines - CORRECT ANSWER - Induce WBC chemotaxis
, Produced by macrophages and endothelial cells
Tell the cells where to go
Leukotrienes - CORRECT ANSWER - Similar to histamines
Produce a longer-acting response
Prostaglandins - CORRECT ANSWER - Released by mast cells
FEVER AND PAIN
Complement system - CORRECT ANSWER - Destroys pathogens
Osponization
Increases phagocytosis
Osponization - CORRECT ANSWER - Paints bad cells so phagocytes know to eat it
Coagulation system - CORRECT ANSWER - Forms fibrous mesh
Thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin
Begins with vessel injury
Kinin system - CORRECT ANSWER - Activates and assists inflammatory cells
Bradykinin
Bradykinin - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes blood vessel dilation and pain
Events in inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - Vascular permeability
Emigration of leukocytes
Phagocytosis
