BCH 361 CH. 6 EXAM | LATEST
2024|2025 UPDATE | QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What do proteolytic enzymes aid in? - Answer-digestion or maturation of degradation of
proteins
Name 4 proteolytic enzymes - Answer-papain, trypsin, chymotrypsin, thrombin
Is papain selective or nonselective? - Answer-nonselective
Where is papain found? - Answer-papaya plant
What is papain used as? - Answer-meat tenderizer
Is Trypsin selective or nonselective? - Answer-IS selective
Describe how trypsin works - Answer-it splits the peptide bonds only on carbonyl side of
lysine and arginine (positively charges) residues
Where is trypsin found in? - Answer-human intestine
Is chymotrypsin specific of nonspecific? - Answer-specific
Describe how chymotrypsin works - Answer-splits the peptide bonds only on the
carboxyl side of large hydrophobic residues (W,Y,F,M)
Is Thrombin specific or nonspecific? - Answer-very specific
Describe how thrombin works - Answer-catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine-glycine
bonds in particular peptide sequence only
Where is thrombin found? - Answer-in blood clotting
Name the 6 major types of enzymes - Answer-oxidoreductases, transferases,
hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases
Oxidoreductases - Answer-catalyze oxidation-reduction rxns
examples of oxidoreductases - Answer-dehydrogenase, transfer of elections, hydride
, example of transferases - Answer-kinases
transferases - Answer-move functional groups btw molecules
hydrolases - Answer-cleave bonds w/ the addition of water
examples of hydrolases - Answer-nucleases, peptidases, proteases, lipases, amylase
lyases - Answer-remove atoms to form double bonds or add atoms to double bonds
examples of lyases - Answer-enolase, fumarase
isomerases - Answer-rearrange atoms w/in a molecule
examples of isomerases - Answer-triose phosphate isomerase (reorganization of
carbons), mutase (move functional group intramolecularly)
ligases - Answer-join 2 molecules at the expense of ATP
examples of ligases - Answer-DNA ligase, DNA polymerases, DNA polyerases
How are most enzymes named? - Answer-after their substrates and the rxns they
catalyze (both forward and backward); w/ suffix "-ase"
cofactors - Answer-small molecules or ions that some enzymes require for activity
apoenzyme - Answer-w/out the cofactor, inactive enzyme
holoenzyme - Answer-complete, catalytically active enzyme w/ its cofactor
coenzymes - Answer-small organic molecules derived from vitamins
co-substrate - Answer-loosely bound (diffuse in and out)
prosthetic groups - Answer-A tightly or covalently bound coenzyme
Name the enzyme for Zn^2 - Answer-carbonic anhydrase
Name the enzyme for biotin - Answer-pyruvate carboxylase
Name the enzyme for coenzyme A - Answer-acetyl CoA carboxylase
Name the enzyme for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) - Answer-lactate
dehydrogenase
Name the enzyme for Flavin adenine nucleotide (FAD) - Answer-monoamine oxidase
2024|2025 UPDATE | QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What do proteolytic enzymes aid in? - Answer-digestion or maturation of degradation of
proteins
Name 4 proteolytic enzymes - Answer-papain, trypsin, chymotrypsin, thrombin
Is papain selective or nonselective? - Answer-nonselective
Where is papain found? - Answer-papaya plant
What is papain used as? - Answer-meat tenderizer
Is Trypsin selective or nonselective? - Answer-IS selective
Describe how trypsin works - Answer-it splits the peptide bonds only on carbonyl side of
lysine and arginine (positively charges) residues
Where is trypsin found in? - Answer-human intestine
Is chymotrypsin specific of nonspecific? - Answer-specific
Describe how chymotrypsin works - Answer-splits the peptide bonds only on the
carboxyl side of large hydrophobic residues (W,Y,F,M)
Is Thrombin specific or nonspecific? - Answer-very specific
Describe how thrombin works - Answer-catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine-glycine
bonds in particular peptide sequence only
Where is thrombin found? - Answer-in blood clotting
Name the 6 major types of enzymes - Answer-oxidoreductases, transferases,
hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases
Oxidoreductases - Answer-catalyze oxidation-reduction rxns
examples of oxidoreductases - Answer-dehydrogenase, transfer of elections, hydride
, example of transferases - Answer-kinases
transferases - Answer-move functional groups btw molecules
hydrolases - Answer-cleave bonds w/ the addition of water
examples of hydrolases - Answer-nucleases, peptidases, proteases, lipases, amylase
lyases - Answer-remove atoms to form double bonds or add atoms to double bonds
examples of lyases - Answer-enolase, fumarase
isomerases - Answer-rearrange atoms w/in a molecule
examples of isomerases - Answer-triose phosphate isomerase (reorganization of
carbons), mutase (move functional group intramolecularly)
ligases - Answer-join 2 molecules at the expense of ATP
examples of ligases - Answer-DNA ligase, DNA polymerases, DNA polyerases
How are most enzymes named? - Answer-after their substrates and the rxns they
catalyze (both forward and backward); w/ suffix "-ase"
cofactors - Answer-small molecules or ions that some enzymes require for activity
apoenzyme - Answer-w/out the cofactor, inactive enzyme
holoenzyme - Answer-complete, catalytically active enzyme w/ its cofactor
coenzymes - Answer-small organic molecules derived from vitamins
co-substrate - Answer-loosely bound (diffuse in and out)
prosthetic groups - Answer-A tightly or covalently bound coenzyme
Name the enzyme for Zn^2 - Answer-carbonic anhydrase
Name the enzyme for biotin - Answer-pyruvate carboxylase
Name the enzyme for coenzyme A - Answer-acetyl CoA carboxylase
Name the enzyme for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) - Answer-lactate
dehydrogenase
Name the enzyme for Flavin adenine nucleotide (FAD) - Answer-monoamine oxidase
