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Japanese Grammar Genki Chapter 1 to 13 comprehensive summary

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Discussing Genki chapters 1 to 13. Excluding vocabulary and kanji lists. Examples are included, and not derived from those provided in the textbook, to give you a better comprehension of grammatical structures. Can be used for all study programs and individuals studying Japanese.

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Genki Chapter 1 to 13
BA International Studies
Japanese Pre-Intermediate



Learning Objectives Japanese



Content

Section A: Verbs 2

Section B: Particles 10

Section C: Sentence Order 12

Section D: Adverbs 12

Section E: Use of です 13

Section F: Time 14

Section G: Adjectives 15

Section H: Other grammar 17




1

, Genki Chapter 1 to 13
BA International Studies
Japanese Pre-Intermediate



Section A: Verbs
➢ A.1: Basic types of verbs
○ A.1.1: る-verbs
■ With conjugation, the る falls of and gets replaced by the
following:
Present Aff. 食べます ​(たべま 寝ます ​(ねます)
す)

Present Neg. 食べません 寝ません

Past Aff. 食べました 寝ました

Past Neg. 食べませんでした 寝ませんでした


○ A.1.2: う-verbs
■ The vowel at the end of the verb that contains an う will
be replaced with a similar vowel from the hiragana table
containing an い. This results in the following:
Present Aff. 聞きます ​(ききます) 会います ​(あいます)

Present Neg. 聞きません 会いません

Past Aff. 聞きました 会いました

Past Neg. 聞きませんでした 会いませんでした
○ A.1.3: Irregular verbs
■ These are する and くる (来る)
Present Aff. します きます

Present Neg. しません きません

Past Aff. しました きました

Past Neg. しませんでした きませんでした


➢ A.2: Difference in usage between 来る and 行く
○ 来る is used to indicate a movement that is directed towards
the speaker. E.g. my old friend will visit me in Japan.
○ 行く is used to indicate a movement away from the speaker.
E.g. I will go to my friend’s house tonight.
➢ A.3: Invitations


2

, Genki Chapter 1 to 13
BA International Studies
Japanese Pre-Intermediate

○ A.3.1: Conjugation
■ 行きませんか
■ 行きましょうか
■ -ましょうか can also be used to offer help to someone.
○ A.3.2: Responding to an invitation
■ Rephrasing “no”: “(object)はちょっと。。。”
■ If one wants to do something different instead:
“(something)はどうですか。"
■ If one accepts: いいです。どこであいますか。
○ There’s relatively no difference between the two forms. Though,
ましょうか is preferred.
➢ A.4: て-form
○ A.4.1: Translations
■ “..., please”
■ “You may.../ May I…?”
■ “You must not…”
■ “I did this and that.”
○ A.4.2: Conjugation
Form て-form Example

~る (る NFて 見る 見て
-verbs)

~う、つ、る NFって 待つ 待って

~む、ぶ、ぬ NFんで 休む 休んで

~く NFいて 聞く 聞いて

~く(行く) 行って ー ー

~ぐ NFいで 泳ぐ 泳いで

~す NFして 出す 出して

する (IRR) して ー ー

くる (IRR) きて ー ー
● NF stands for the dictionary form without the final
う syllables.
○ A.4.3: ~て下さい
■ Translates literally in “Please do … for me”.




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