8/17/25, 5:02
PM
WGU C175 fixed | STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
Flat Files a file having no internal hierarchy
Hashed Files A file that has been encrypted for security purposes.
Heap File An unsorted set of records.
Information The transformation of raw data into useful facts.
Punch Card A card that is perforated and can hold commands or data.
Structured Data Information with a high degree of organization.
Unstructured Data Information that has not been formatted
Binary Relationship A relationship between two entity types.
An associate occurrence of an entity type with other occurrences of
Unary Relationship
the same entity type.
Cardinality The maximum number of entities that can be involved in a particular relationship.
E-R Model Diagram of entities together with their attributes and the relationship among
them.
*E-R = Entity - Relationship
Intersection Data It is data that describes a many-to-many relationship.
Modality It is a minimum number of entity occurrences that can be involved in a
relationship.
It means that a single occurrence of one entity type can be
One-to-one Binary Relationship
associated with a single occurrence of the other entity type and
vice versa.
Ternary Relationship Involves three different entity types.
Unique identifier It is used to uniquely identify each record in a database table.
Attribute A property, characteristic, or fact that we know about an entity.
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One-to-one binary relationship
"A salesperson works in one office."
What is the name of this relationship?
One-to-many binary relationship
"A salesperson sells to many
customers."
What is the name of this relationship?
"A salesperson is authorized to sell Many-to-many binary relationship
many products, and a product
can be sold by many
salespersons."
What is the name of this relationship?
Cardinality is the outer symbol; represents the maximum.
What is the positioning and
meaning for Cardinality and
Modality is the inner symbol; represents the minimum.
Modality on an E-R model?
"A salesperson works in a
minimum of one and a maximum
of one office, and an office may be
occupied by or assigned to a
minimum of zero and a maximum
of one salesperson."
"A salesperson may have no
customers or many customers."
Describe the ER model for
"Each salesperson is authorized
to sell to at least one or many
products, and each product can
be sold by at least one or
many salespeople."
"One salesperson backs-up another One-to-one unary relationship
salesperson."
What is the name of this model?
"A salesperson manages zero One-to-many unary relationship
to many other salespersons, and
a salesperson is managed by
exactly one other
salesperson."
What is the name of this model?
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WGU C175 fixed | STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
Flat Files a file having no internal hierarchy
Hashed Files A file that has been encrypted for security purposes.
Heap File An unsorted set of records.
Information The transformation of raw data into useful facts.
Punch Card A card that is perforated and can hold commands or data.
Structured Data Information with a high degree of organization.
Unstructured Data Information that has not been formatted
Binary Relationship A relationship between two entity types.
An associate occurrence of an entity type with other occurrences of
Unary Relationship
the same entity type.
Cardinality The maximum number of entities that can be involved in a particular relationship.
E-R Model Diagram of entities together with their attributes and the relationship among
them.
*E-R = Entity - Relationship
Intersection Data It is data that describes a many-to-many relationship.
Modality It is a minimum number of entity occurrences that can be involved in a
relationship.
It means that a single occurrence of one entity type can be
One-to-one Binary Relationship
associated with a single occurrence of the other entity type and
vice versa.
Ternary Relationship Involves three different entity types.
Unique identifier It is used to uniquely identify each record in a database table.
Attribute A property, characteristic, or fact that we know about an entity.
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One-to-one binary relationship
"A salesperson works in one office."
What is the name of this relationship?
One-to-many binary relationship
"A salesperson sells to many
customers."
What is the name of this relationship?
"A salesperson is authorized to sell Many-to-many binary relationship
many products, and a product
can be sold by many
salespersons."
What is the name of this relationship?
Cardinality is the outer symbol; represents the maximum.
What is the positioning and
meaning for Cardinality and
Modality is the inner symbol; represents the minimum.
Modality on an E-R model?
"A salesperson works in a
minimum of one and a maximum
of one office, and an office may be
occupied by or assigned to a
minimum of zero and a maximum
of one salesperson."
"A salesperson may have no
customers or many customers."
Describe the ER model for
"Each salesperson is authorized
to sell to at least one or many
products, and each product can
be sold by at least one or
many salespeople."
"One salesperson backs-up another One-to-one unary relationship
salesperson."
What is the name of this model?
"A salesperson manages zero One-to-many unary relationship
to many other salespersons, and
a salesperson is managed by
exactly one other
salesperson."
What is the name of this model?
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